Phillip W. Hadlington and Judith A. Johnston
University of New South Wales Press, ISBN 0 86840 465 9, pp. 28-29
ORDER PHASMATODEA
Stick insects or Phasmatids
Elongated, large often exceeding 250 mm resembling either sticks or
leaves; small head; antennae short to long; compound eyes present,
ocelli present or absent; chewing (mandibulate) mouth-parts; second
thoracic segment (mesothorax) long; legs often strongly spined; wings
mostly absent, in winged species male with developed wings, female
usually with very small wings and unable to fly, forewings (tegmina)
short, hindwings membranous and fan-like with a toughened front section;
abdomen long and cylindrical or flattened.
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