C

Caducus. - Shedding easily cast off. (L. cado, to fall.)

Cæca. - Small purses or minor stomachs thrown off from the principal one. (L. cæcus, blind.) See Cœca.

Cæcal tubes. - Eight short blind tubes opening from the front end of the stomach, and being of similar structure to the stomach. (L. cæcus, blind.)

Cæruleus. - Pale blue, the colour of the sky. (L. azure blue.)

Cæsious. - Greenish, grey, sordid blue colour. (L. cæsius, grey.)

Cæsius. - Greyish-blue. (L.).

Calathiform. - Bowl or basket-shaped. (Gr. kalathos, a basket.)

Calcar, pl. calcaria. - A spur, spine, process. (L.)

Calcarate, Calcarated. - Armed with spurs; possessing a spur or spurs. (L. calcar, a spur.)

Calcaria. - The stiff spines with which the tibia are furnished. (L. calcar.)

Calceolifor. - Oblong in form with the middle somewhat coarctate. (L. calceolus, a slipper and forma.)

Callose. - Furnished with callii. (L. callum, the hardened skin.)

Callosity. - A hard thickening of the portion. (L. callosus, thick and hard.)

Callus, pl. callii. - A projection or elevation. (L. callus.)

Callus metanoti lateralis. - The lateral callosity of the metanotum of Diptera. (L.)

Calx. - The heel; the curving part of the planta, by which it articulates with the tibia. (L.)

Calyces. - Brain cups; two elongate trough-shaped, cellular masses resting on the peduncles. (Gr. kalyx, a cup.)

Calyculate. - Double-cupped, one cup placed within another. (From Gr. kalyx.)

Calyx. - The top or head of the mushroom body, which is supported by the cauliculus and the peduncle or pedicel. (Gr. kalyx.) See Mushroom bodies.

Campanulate. - (Antennæ.) Having bell-shaped joints, being concave at the broadest end. (Ital. campana, a bell.)

Campodiform larva. - Is elongate, with a broad quadrate head; three thoracic segments each bearing a pair of legs, and ten visible abdominal segments. The skin of the thoracic segments is almost chitinised. Each abdominal segment has a single strong chitinous tergal plate, and (as regards the first seven segments) seven sternal plates; the eighth segment has but three ventral plates, and the ninth only one, while the tenth is a truncated “anal cylinder.” The head bears appendages corresponding with those of the perfect insect; each antenna has but four joints, the third carrying alongside the fourth a small papilla, which shows traces of segmentation and suggests the “feeler” was primitively branched. No compound eyes are present, only six simple ocelli at the base of each antenna. At the anal segment is a pair of long cercopods, covered with nodules and stiff hairs. It is the typical grub of numerous Beetles, Stoneflies, May-flies, Dragon-flies, Lacewing-flies, etc. (Gr. campe, a caterpillar, and pous, a foot, and form.)

Canaliculate. - Furnished with one or more channelled furrows; elevated longitudinally with a concave line in the middle. (L. canalis, a channel.)

Cancellated. - Crossed by lines running at right angles to each other. (L. cancelli, lattice-work.)

Canine teeth. - (L. canis, a dog, and A.S. toth, a tooth.) See Dentes laniarii.

Canthus. - A corneous process, seen in some of the Coleoptera, originating at the clypeus, either completely or partially dividing the eyes. (Gr. the corner of the eye.)

Canus. - The colour of grey hair. (L. hoary, grey.)

Capillary. - Slender and hair-like. (L. capillus, hair, from caput.)

Capilli. - Head hair; hair situated on the corona of the head. (L. capillus, hair, from caput.)

Capitatæ. - (Antennæ.) When the capitulum is abrupt and strongly marked. (L. caput.)

Capitate. - Pertaining to the caput. (L. caput.)

Capitate (capitatæ). (Antennæ). Having the terminal joint forming a club, or knob. (L. caput, head.)

Capitate hairs. - Hairs knobbed at the apex. (L. caput; and A.S. hær, hêr, + Du. haar.)

Capitis cerebroida. - The first cerebroida. (L. caput, head, top, and cerebrum, brain.)

Capitulum. - (Antennæ.) The knob; the last joints of the clavola when suddenly larger than the rest. (L. caput.)

Capitulum compositum. - (Antennæ.) (L. caput, and compositus, arranged, composed.) See Compound.

Capitulum solidum. - (Antennæ.) (L. caput, and solidus, solid, complete.) See Simple.

Caput. - The head or first segment. (L. head, top.)

Caput buccatum. - (L. caput, and bucca, cheek.) See Buccate.

Caput clypeatum. - (L. caput, and clypeus, a shield.) See Clypeate head.

Caput turritum. - (L. caput, and turris, a tower). See Turreted.

Caratothecæ. * -

*	Cerathecæ according to Kirby and Spence.

The antennæ-cases, that portion of the theca enclosing the antennæ. (Allied to Gr. keras, a horn, and theca, a case.)

“Cardiac valvule.” - The term applied by Beauregard to the structure similar both in position and structure to the œsophageal valve (?). (Gr. kardia, the heart; and L. valvula, a little valve.)

Cardinales. - The rods joining the labium to the head. (L. cardo, a hinge.)

Cardines. - Two narrow joints each slightly widened at the apex, which are portions of the cibarial apparatus of the Hymenoptera, and on the widened space of which the lora swing. (From L. cardo.)

Cardo. - A basal ring lying at the seat of the stipites in the Hymenopterous genitalia. (Saunders.) (L.)

Cardo. - The proximal joint of the protopodite. (L.)

Cardo. - The hinge; the lowest of the first pair of pieces constituting the maxilla, it is narrow, thin and transverse, and articulates with the gula, forming a right angle with the stipes. (L. a hinge.) See Protopodite.

Carina. - A keel. (L.)

Carinal. - Keel-like, pertaining to the carina. (L. carina.)

Carinate. - Having a longitudinal elevated line. (Bicarinate, Tricarinate, etc., have two or three such lines.) (L. canina).

Carinatus. - The term used when the surface has elevated prominent lines and few in number. (L. carina.)

Carnose, Carneous. - Flesh-like in substance. (L. caro, flesh.)

Carpus. - The pterostigma. (L. carpus, wrist.)

Cartilaginous. - Resembling cartilage in structure, or appearance. (F. - L. F. cartilage, gristle. - L. cartilaginem, acc. of cartilago. Der. cartilaginous.)

Cartilago ensiformis. - (F. cartilage, and L. ensis, a sword, and form.) See Sternum collare.

Castaneous. - Chestnut-coloured. (L. castane, a chestnut).

Cataphracted. - Possessing a hard skin, or with scales closely united. (Gr. kata, up and down, and phrasso, to shut in.)

“Catch.” - A horny abdominal appendage of the Collembola (Tomocerus), generally situated on the ventral surface of the third abdominal segment, and is provided with only two segments, a basal portion, and two short arms, each being armed with four teeth on its outer margin. (F. - L. cachier, variant of O.F. chacier, to hunt, chase; hence to catch.)

Catenatus. - When the surface between impressed lines on the elytra, etc., is divided into oblong elevations, and is supposed to resemble a chain. (L. catena, a chain.)

Cateniform, Catenulate. - Chain-like. (L. catena).

Caterpillar. - The larva or eruca; the term is generally applied to the Lepidoptera. (From E. cates, food, and Fr. piller, to rob. A corruption of O.F. chattepeleuse, a hairy cat; primarily applied to the hairy caterpillar.)

Cauda. - The tail, the posterior extremity. (L. tail.)

Caudad. - An abbreviated form of caudally, or caudal.

Caudæ, Caudulæ. - Tail like appendages. (L.)

Caudal. - pertaining to the cauda. (L. cauda.)

Caudal fan. - The fan of feathered bristles to be seen on the ninth abdominal segment of some aquatic (Anopheles) larvæ.

Caudal pro-legs. - Sucker feet attached to the caudal segment of larvæ. (L. cauda, and pro, and pedes.)

Cauliculus. - Fibrous columns arising from the trabecula, and situated in front of the smaller peduncle. (L. cauliculus, diminutive of caulis, a stalk, stem.) See Mushroom Bodies.

Cellula analis. - The term used to differentiate the hindermost basal cell of the wing correctly when the posterior basal transverse vein assumes the character of a longitudinal vein, and runs to the border of the wing, causing the hindermost basal cell to join the border of the wing. (L.)

Cellulæ. - The divisions into which membranaceous wings are divided by the nervures. (L. cella, from celo to hide.)

Cellulæ axillares. - The Cellulæ spuriæ. (L.)

Cellulæ basales. - The basal cells of the wing, three in number; the first belonging to the middle of the wing, reaching as far as the transverse vein the second belongs to the first section of the posterior part of the wing, extending as far as the anterior basal transverse vein; and the third belongs to the second section of the posterior part of the wing, and joins the posterior basal transverse vein. (Loew.) (L.)

Cellulæ costales. - The cells belonging to the first or costal section of the wing. (Loew.) (L.)

Cellula discoidalis. - The discoidal or discal cell of the wing, belonging to the first section of the posterior part of the wing, and extending from the anterior basal transverse vein to the posterior transverse, and bearing on its anterior margin a small transverse vein. (Loew.) (L.)

Cellulæ marginales. - The cells belonging to the second or marginal section of the wing. (Loew.) (L.)

Cellulæ posteriores. - The posterior cells, belonging to the two first sections of the posterior part of the wing. (L.)

Cellulæ spuriæ. - The false cells, belonging to the third section of the posterior part of the wing; they are not usually completely separated from each other. (L.)

Cellulæ submarginales. - The cells belonging to the third or submarginal section of the wing. (Loew.) (L.)

Cellulæ ternatæ. - Another term for the basal cells. (L.)

Central Body. - The only single or unpaired organ of the brain. A median commissural system (Deitl.). It is formed of a very fine and close fibrillar web, situated on the median line and united with the cerebral lobes. (Viallanes.) (From Gr. kentron, and A.S. bodig + O.H.G. potach.)

Central region. - (Wing.) See Costal region. Another term for the central region of the wing is the discus. (L. centralis, pertaining to the centre, from centrum, the centre, and regio, region.)

Centris. - The sting; the last inflated joint of the tail. (Gr. kenteo, to prick.)

Cephalic. - Pertaining to the head. (Gr. kephalikos.)

Cephalophragma. - A Y-shaped partition that divides the head internally into two chambers, an anterior and posterior; seen in Locusta, Leech. (Gr. kephale, the head, and phragma, an enclosure.)

Cephalotheca. - Head-case; the anterior hemispherical division of the theca, enclosing the head of the future perfect insect. (Gr. kephale, and theca, a case.)

Cerathecæ. - The antennæ-cases. (Gr. keras, a horn, and theca.) See Caratothecæ.

Cercopeda. - The pair of anal cerci appended to the tenth abdominal segment, and which are generally regarded as true abdominal legs. (Packard). (Gr. kerkos, a tail, and pous, a foot.)

Cercopods. - Spindle shaped limbs of sixteen segments. (Gr. kerkos, and pous.)

Cerebral ganglion. - The nervous system of insects is characterised by the great size which the cerebral ganglion attains. The most anterior of the ventral series, the subœsophageal, is situated in the head, like the cerebral ganglion, and gives off branches to the mouth-parts. This is succeeded by three single or paired ganglia, one for each thoracic segment, and lastly by a series of abdominal ganglia. Often, however, some of these fuse; the second and third thoracics may for instance; the posterior abdominals also, or the second and third thoracics and all the abdominal ganglia may unite to form a single mass, which, in extreme cases, includes also the first thoracic ganglion. (Boas.) (L. cerebrum, brain, and ganglion.)

Cerebroidæ. - The knots in which the diffused brain of insects is centred. Capitis cerebroida. (L. cerebrum, brain.)

Cerebellum. - Generally a cordiform or longitudinal ganglion; it lies at the base of the skull, between the two projecting ridges of the internal skeleton of the head, and is entirely covered by the tentorium. The nerves which pass from the cerebellum are the nervi mandibularum, the nervi maxillarum, and the nervi labii (Burmeister.) (L. a little brain.)

Cerebrum. - A nervous cord of a yellowish-white colour, lying transversely across the œsophagus, generally forming two ganglia. Its entire circumference is covered with a thin transparent membrane, which loosely surrounds it. The nerves which pass from the cerebrum are the nervi antennarum and the nervi oculorum. (Burmeister). (L. brain.)

Cereous. - Wax like. (L. from cera, wax.)

Cernuous. - Bent; the apex bent downwards. (L. drooping.)

Cervical sclerites. - The eight chitinous plates strengthening the neck. (L. cervix, the neck, and Gr. skeleros, hard.)

Cervinus. - Fawn-coloured, grey, with a reddish brown tint. (From L. cervus, a stag.)

Cespitose. - Matted together. (L. cespes, turf.)

Chalybeous. - Steel-like in colour, the metallic blue of steel. (Gr. chalyps, steel).

Champagne-cork Organs. - (Forel.) (Champagne the province of France from where such wine is made, “a plain”; and alcorque, O.S., allied to Arab. al-cornoque, the cork-tree. Span. corcho, and Gr. ergon, a work.) See Ampullaceous sensillæ.

Cheek. - The Gena. (A.S. ceace.)

Chela. - The terminal portion of a “foot,” with a movable lateral claw, like that of a crab. (Gr. chele, a claw.)

Chelate. - Possessing a movable lateral claw like that of a crab. Possessing a chela. (Gr. chele.)

Cheliform. - Pincer-shaped. (Gr. chele, and forma, form, shape.)

Chiasma. - The central body of nervous matter formed by the junction and decussation of the optic nerves. (Gr. chiasma, the mark of a χ (chi) or cross.)

Chitin. - The hard shell-like outer skin of arthropods and hard cased insects. The chemical formula of Chitin is C₁₅H₂₆N₂O₁₀. (Gr. chiton, a tunic.)

Chitinous. - Pertaining to the chitin. (Gr. chiton.)

Chordotonal Organs. - Compact, spindle-shaped groups of sensillæ, each consisting of a chitin-secreting gland and a nerve cell, hung between two points of the cuticle, or between the cuticle and some internal organ. These sensillæ are connected with nerve fibres and believed to receive and transmit sound vibrations. (From Gr. chorde, an intestine, a cord; L. chorda, a cord.)

Chorion. - The shell of the egg; the firm chitinous outer layer of the egg (see Ovaries). (Gr.)

Chromatin. - The thread-like material which appears netted and looped, situated in the nucleus. See Achromatin. (From Gr. chroma, colour.)

Chrysalis. - The quiescent state the larva assumes when full fed. Generally applied to Lepidoptera. (Gr. chrysos, gold.)

“Chylific Stomach.” - The mid-intestine. (Gr. chylos, juice, from cheo, to flow; and stomachos.)

Cibarial apparatus. - The organs which operate upon the food brought to the mouth. (L. cibus, food; and ad, and paro, to prepare.)

Cibarious. - Relating to food. (L. cibus.)

Cicatricose. - Having elevated spots of a different colour from the rest of the surface, resembling scars. (L. cicatrix, a scar.)

Cicatrix. - A large scar or scar-like impression. (L.)

Cilia. - Hairs (cerci). (L.)

Ciliate. - Fringed with hair; set with parallel hairs. (L. cilia.)

Cimicine. - (Scent). A smell like that of the Bed-bug. (L. cimex, a bug.)

Cinereus. - The blue-grey colour of ashes. (L. from cinis, ashes).

Cingula. - A coloured band. (L. cingula, a belt, girdle, girth.)

Cingulate. - A term used when the abdomen, or thorax, is wholly surrounded by one or more cingula. (L. cingula.)

Cinnamomeus. - The colour of cinnamon. (L. cinnamomum.)

Circinal, Circinate. - Spirally rolled inwards, and downwards. (L. circinus, compasses.)

Circum. - A Latin prefix signifying around, about, on all sides, in a circle.

Circumgenital glands. - Circular spinnerets disposed in groups around the genital orifice. (L. circum, genitalis, and glans.)

Cirrose. - Furnished with a fringe of hair, possessing (cirri) fringes. (L. cirrus, a curl of hair.)

Cirrate. - (Antennæ.) When the branches of a pectinate antenna are very long and curled, and sometimes, but not always, fringed with hair. (L. cirratus, having curled hair, fringed.)

Cirrus. - A curled lock of hair upon a thin stalk; a fringe. (L.)

Claspers. - Processes of the male genitalia for holding the female during sexual union. (A.S. clyppan, to embrace.)

Clathrate. - Latticed. (L. clathrus, a lattice.)

Clava. - The knob or club of the antennæ. (L. clava, a club.)

Clavate. - Knobbed; clubbed; knob-like. (L. clava.)

Clavigerate. - (Antennæ.) Terminating in a gradual club. (L. claviger, that bears a club.)

Clavola. - The club shaped end of antennæ, taking the terminating joints collectively. The remaining joints of the antennæ taken together. It includes the Capitulum. (From L. clava, a club.)

Clavus. - The hard part of the fore-wing next to the scutellum of the mesonotum when the wings are closed. (L. nail.)

Clavus. - The narrow strip of the elytra, which lies at the side of the scutellum, of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera. (Saunders.) (L.)

Clypeate Head. - When the head is tolerably flat, and the margin of the clypeus and the front are broad and flat. Caput clypeatum. (L. clypeus, a shield.)

Clypeiform. - Shield-shaped. (L. clypeus, and form.)

Clypeo-labral nerve. - The nerve which innervates both the clypeus and labrum, originating with the arched nerve as a single trunk from the base of the cura cerebri; progressing down to the clypeus and labrum, where it splits into various branches.

Clypeus. - Portion of the front of the face about the labrum; the portion of the skull immediately covering the mouth; the portion of the face between the labrum and the encephalum. (L. a shield.)

Clypeus, anterior. - [See Anticlypeus.]

Clypeus, posterior. - [See Post-clypeus.]

Co-. - A Latin prefix, signifying together; used for con-(=cum), together, before a vowel.

Coadunate. - Joined together at the base. (Elytra.) Permanently united at the suture. (L. co, for con-,=cum, together; and from adiuare, to assist, - L. ad-, to; inuare, to help.)

Coalite. - When parts usually separate are distinguished neither by incisure, segment, nor suture. (From L. coalesco, to grow together.)

Coalite stilt-prolegs. - When stilt prolegs unite to form only one leg, bifid at its apex. (L. coalesco, M.E. stilte, - Swed. stylta, Dan. stylte, a stilt and L. propedes.)

Coarctate. - Contracted; compact. (L. co, and arcto, to compress.)

Coarctate. - (Pupæ). (L. co, and arcto). See Pupæ obtectæ.

Cocardes. - Retractile vesicular bodies on each side of the stethidium of insects of the genus Malachius.

Coccineus. - Scarlet; a bright or pale red colour. The colour of the blossom of the geranium. (L. of a scarlet colour.)

Cochineal. - A valuable dye from an insect found in Mexico (cocinilidæ). Red. (L. coccinus.)

Cochleate. - Twisted spirally like a screw. (L. cochlea, a snail or spiral screw.)

Cocoon. - The protecting case formed by the larva for the situation of its pupa. (Kirby.) (F. cocon.) See Incunabulum.

Cœca, also Cæc. - Small purses or minor stomachs thrown off from the principal one. (L. caecus, blind.) See Stomach.

Cœloconic sensillæ. - Club-like sense hairs which lie horizontally and which are more or less enclosed in an elongated cavity in the chitinous integument. Both the shape and cellular structure of the hair is essentially the same as the basiconic sensillæ, the difference being the basiconic are upright, while the cœloconic are horizontally placed on the surface. (Berlese.) (From Gr. koilia, the belly, and konos, a cone.)

Coenogonous. - Oviparous at one season of the year, and ovo-viviparous at another.

Col-. - A Latin prefix. See Con.

Coleoptera. - A family of hexapoda, the beetle tribe, an order of insects having elytra which serve as a covering and protection for the true wings. (Gr. koleos, a sheath, and pteron, a wing.)

Collare. * -

*	King, Kirby and Spence, apply this term to the prothorax of the Hymenoptera.

The collar, the short corneous cylindrical tube formed by the occiput being drawn out. (L. a collar.)

Collaterial Glands. - Two much branched and convoluted tubular organs situated behind the bursa copulatrix, and partly resting under the fifth abdominal ganglion. (L. collateralis; co-con; lateralis, pertaining to the side.)

Colleterial glands. - Glands in the females of certain insects which secrete a glutinous substance which fastens the ova together. (L. colleterium.)

Colleterium. - The colleterial glands. (Mod. Lat. colleterium, of, or pertaining to the colleterium of insects.)

Collembola. - An order of Apterous insects, now united with Thysanura under the order Aptera. (Gr. kolla, glue, and embole, a throwing or putting in, so called because they have an organ enabling them to fasten to the part upon which they are standing.)

Colligate. - Fixed to any part so as to have no separate motion of its own. (L. colligo, to bind together.)

Collum. - The neck; the constricted posterior part of a pedunculate head, by which it inosculates in the trunk. It includes the Nucha, Gula, and Myoglyphides. (L).

Colon. - The approximate anterior portion of the rectum. (Gr. a limb, a member.)

Columnar. - Tapering to one end like the shaft of a column. (L. columna, a column.)

Com-. - A Latin prefix (See Con.)

Comate. - When the upper part of the head or vertex alone is covered with long hairs. (L. comatus, having hair.)

Comate. - When very long flexible hairs thickly cover a space on the surface. (L. comatus, having hair.)

Comate. - Hairy.

Combs. - The fine hairs situated upon the upper surface of each maxilla of the Culicidæ larvæ, and which serve to clean the Brushes. (See Brushes.) (A.S. camb., + Du. kam, Icel. kambr, Dan., Swed. kam.)

Combs. - Three, sometimes four (?) strong curved hairs, situated on the free anterior border of each mandible of the Culicidæ larvæ, and which serve to clean the Brushes. (See Brushes.)

Commensal. - An animal living with or off another, without being parasitical. (L. com, and mensa, a table.)

Commensals. - The term given to those insects which inhabit galls not made by themselves, but do not interfere with the host (species of Cetonia, Balaninus, etc.). (L. com, and mensa.)

Commissura. - A joint in the costal nerve of the wings of Coleoptera, where they bend to take a transverse fold. (L. a joint.)

Common. - Common to two. When a spot, for instance, is partly on one elytrum and partly on another. (From L. communis, common.)

Comose. - Terminating in a tuft of hair or brush-like body; comate. (L. coma, hair.)

Complanate. - A convex or irregular surface, having a plane slight depression. (From L. complano, to level.)

Complete. - Perfect; entire; finished. (L. com, and pleo, to fill.)

Complete metamorphosis. - When there is a quiescent or sealed-pupal stage in the life history of an insect. When histolysis does take place.

Compicate. - Having longitudinal folds. (L. com, and plico, to fold.)

Compostius. - Compound; the term given to the gullet when it has a long pear-shaped cell opening from it, and extending beneath the stomach and intestines, yet having no communication with either; this is the case in all flies and gnats which feed on blood, and many of the same tribes which subsist on other fluids; the blood sucked is at once received into it, and allowed to slowly return to the gullet as required, to pass ultimately to the stomach for digestion. (L. composed, arranged, made up.)

Compound. - (Antennæ). The term used in contradistinction to Simple, when a capitate antenna is so formed by several joints. (L. compono, to set together.) See Simple.

Compound. - (Motion.) When capable of both vertical and horizontal motion. (L. compono, to set together.)

Compound Ocellus. - When the eye of colour consists of three or more circles of colour. (L. compono, and ocellus, an eye.)

Compound Eyes (Oculi). - The two large many faceted eyes placed on each side of the head of insects, besides which they may also possess simple eyes (ocelli). Compound eyes consist of numerous hexagonal facets, the lenses of which combine the characters of both crystalline and vitreous humours. See Oculi.

Compressed. - Flattened by lateral pressure, as opposed to depressed. (L. com, and pressum, to press.)

Con-. - A Latin prefix, denoting with. (L. cum, with.)

Concealed. - (Head.) When it is entirely withdrawn within the thorax, or is covered above by the thoracic plate. (L. con, and celo, to hide.)

Concolorous. - Uniform in colour in comparison of the parts. (L. concolor, of the same colour.)

Conduplicate. - Doubled or folded together. (L. con, duo, two, and plico, to fold.)

Cone. - (Eye.) A simple transparent crystalline body formed out of “cone-cells,” and found in the internal structure of the eye of insects. (Gr, konos, a cone.)

Confluent. - Running into one another. (L. con, and fluo, fluxum, to flow.)

Congenital Variation. - Variation due to inherited influence. (L. con, and genitus, part. of gigno, to beget.)

Congested. - Heaped together. (L. con, and gero, gestum, to bear.)

Conglobate gland. - An elongate gland situated below the ejaculatory duct at its hinder end. The function is unknown. (From L. conglobo, to conglobate.)

Conglomerate. - Congregated. (L. con, and glomus, a clew.)

Conic, Conical. - Tapering like a cone from base to apex; cone-like. (L. conicus.)

Conic. - (Egg.) Conical, cone-shaped. (L. conicus.)

Conical. - (Pupæ.) (L. conicus). See Pupæ conicæ.

Conjugate. - Consisting of a single pair. (F. conjugal. - L. coniugalis; L. conjugatio, binding together in pairs.)

Connate. - Soldered together. (L. con, and natus born.)

Connectives. - Small thin cords connecting portions of the nervous system, - generally ganglia. (L, con, and necto, to tie.)

Connexivum. - The flat, reflexed or vertical border of the abdomen, to be seen in the Heteroptera. It is caused by sections of the abdomen enlarging to form a lateral margin. (From L. connexus, pa. par. of connecto, to join.)

Connivent. - The meeting of two lines so as to form an angle; convergent. (L. connivens, pa. par. of connivo, to wink.)

Consperse. - Thickly sprinkled with minute irregular dots often confluent. (From L. con, fully, and spargo, sparsum, to scatter.)

Consute. - Having very minute elevations in a series, at some distance from each other, of a different colour from the rest of the surface, and somewhat resembling stitching. (L. con, and suo, to sew.)

Contiguous. - Adjoining; touching; near. (L. contigu-us, that may be touched, near; with suffix -ous. - L. con- (cum), with, and tag, as in tac-tus, pa. par. of tangere, to touch.

Contiguous. - When spots, puncta, granules, etc., are so close that they almost or altogether touch each other. (See above for Der.)

Contorted. - Twisted; incumbent upon each other in an oblique direction. (L. con, and torqueo, tortum, to twist.)

Convoluta. - (lacinia). The haustellum rolled up below the head like the spring of a watch. (L. convoluto, to roll.)

Convoluted. - Rolled together, or one part upon another. (From L. convoluto.)

Co-type. - (L. co, and Gr. typos, an impression, from typto, to strike.) See Syntype.

Coprophagus. - Feeding on excrement. (Gr. kopros, dung, and phago, to eat.)

Corbicula. - The fringe of hairs situated on the tibiæ. (L.)

Corbiculate. - Furnished with a brush of stout hairs. (L. corbicula.)

Corcula. - The reservoirs in the dorsal channel through which the blood flows; a longitudinal series of little hearts, which receive blood by lateral apertures from the cavities of the body. (From L. cor, the heart, or corculum, a little heart.)

Cordate, Cordiform, Cordatum. - Heart-shaped. Ovate and hollowed out at the base, without posterior angles. (L. cor, the heart, and form.)

Coriaceæ. - (Proalæ.) When composed of a tough substance which bends without breaking, but never folds. (From L. coriceus, concerned with leather.)

Coriaceous. - Leather-like in substance. (L. coriaceus, from corium, leather.)

Coriaria. - (Lacinia). Long, leathery and flexible. (L. corium.)

Corium. - The corneous or coriaceous parts of the Hemelytra. (L. leather.)

Cornea. - The strong transparent skin of the eye, through which the rays of light pass. (L. corneus, horny, from cornu, a horn.)

Cornea facets. - The divisions of the compound eye. (L. cornu, and facies)

Corneate. - Horned. (L. cornu, a horn.)

Corneous. - Horn-like in substance; horny. (L. from cornu.)

Cornicle. - A short blunt horn, or rounded protuberance. (L. corniculum, diminutive of cornu, a horn.)

Cornicles. - Horny adjuncts to the sixth abdominal segment of Aphids (Linn.), which constitute the sheaths of certain excretory ducts, the delicate walls of which traverse their interior. They rise from the dorsal surface into more or less long movable erect tubes, which may be either straight, curved, or vasiform.

Corniform.- Horn-shaped; long, mucronate, or pointed. (L. cornu, and form.)

Corium. - The whole of the elytra, lying outside the clavus, and bounded at the apex by the membrane, of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera. (Saunders.) (L. the hide, rind, skin.)

Cornutus. - Horned; in the form of a horn. (L. cornutus, horned, from cornu, a horn.)

Coronate. - (Egg.) Surrounded at the superior extremity with a circle of strong spines, for the reception of another egg, whereby they hang together. (L. corona, a crown.)

Coronet. - An ellipsoidal ridge, seen in the puparia of the males of Lecaniinæ. (L. corona.)

Coronula. - A coronet, or semi-coronet of spines. (L. corona.)

Corpus. - The body; the whole crust of the insect; consisting of the exoderma or external covering, and the esoderma or internal cuticle, which lines it. (L. body.)

Costa. - A longitudinal raised rib. (L. a rib.)

Costa. - (Wing.) The outer margin of the wing when it is outspread. (L. costa, a rib.)

Costal. - Pertaining to the costa. (L. costa.)

Costal cell (cellula costalis), Costal area (area costalis). - That part of the wing lying between the anterior margin and the costal nervure. If the cell is divided by minor nervures-the costal cells or cellulæ costales. (L. costa, a rib, and area.)

Costal nervure (nervura costalis). - The first principal nerve of the wing, it is the strong nervure which runs along the upper edge of each wing, either on the extreme edge or just below it. (L. costa, and Gr. neuron, a nerve.)

Costal region (regio costalis). - The wings of insects present a somewhat triangular figure; the upper portion or side of this figure is called the costal region; the outer portion or side, the exterior region; the lower portion or side, the interior region, and the central portion, the central region. These regions have no precise or definite limits, but are somewhat vague and ideal. (L. costa, and from regio.)

Costalis (cellula and nervura). - The cell or nervure nearest the upper margin of each wing. (From L. costa.)

Costate. - Furnished with costæ, - longitudinal raised ribs. (L. costa.)

Costate. - (Egg.) Provided with short ribs, extending from pole to pole. (L. costa.)

Costiform. - In the form of costæ. (L. costa and forma, form.)

Cotyloid Cavities. - The Acetabula; the cavities in which the coxæ move and with which they form a ball-and-socket joint. (Gr. kotule, a cup, and eidos, form; and L. cavitas, a hollow, from cavus, hollow.)

Coxa. - The hip or first joint of the leg, connecting the subsequent joints of the leg to the body at the thorax. (L.)

Coxal. - Pertaining to the coxa.

Coxal Glands. - Coxal scent-glands, usually in the form of evaginable hypodermal pouches. (L. coxa, the hip, and glans.)

Cranium. - The carneous covering of the head; the skull. (Gr. kranion, the skull, and L. cranium.)

Crateriform. - Resembling the typical calathiform, but not so broad or wide. (L. cratera, a bowl, and form, shape, form.)

Cremaster. - The apex of the last segment of the abdomen. (Gr. kremaster, a suspender.)

Cremaster. - The stout, triangular, flattened, terminal spine of the abdomen, which aids the pupa in working its way out of the earth, when the pupa is subterranean. (Packard.)

The anal hooks by which many pupæ suspend themselves. (Kirby and Spence.) (Gr. kremaster.)

Crenate, Crenulate. - Furnished with small blunt teeth, which take the form of segments of small circles. (L. crena, a notch.)

Crepera. - A gleam of paler colour upon a dark ground. (L. creper, obscure.)

Crepuscle, Crepuscule. - Twilight. (L. crepusculum, a diminutive of creper, dusky.)

Crepuscular. - Active during the twilight. (L. crepusculum).

Cretaceous. - Chalky; composed of or like chalk. (L. creta, chalk.)

Cribellum. - A sieve-like plate which narrows anteriorly and opens as a small slit at the base and near the upper surface of the mandibles. (L. a small sieve, diminutive of cribrum, a sieve.)

Crinite, Crinitus. - When very long flexible hairs thinly cover a space on the surface. (L. crinis, hair.)

Crisp. - (Margin.) When the limb is disproportionately larger than the disc so as to render the margin uneven with irregular rise and fall. (L. crispus, curled.)

Cristate. - Having one or two very elevated lines usually crenate. Crested; tufted. (L. cristatus, tufted.)

Croceus. - Yellow, like the blossom of the crocus. (L. and Gr. yellow, saffron.)

Crop. - A thin walled sac situated in the thorax, and part of the abdomen, and when present is an enlargement of the end of the œsophagus, and lined internally with a muscular coat. (A.S. cropp, top, the caw.)

Cross nerve. - (M.E. cros, from Icel. kross, adopted from O. Irish cros. - L. cruc-em, acc. of crux, a cross; and Gr. neuron, a nerve.) See Subœsophageal commissure.

Cruciate. - Divided to the middle into four opposite arms, the angles being either four right ones, or two obtuse and two acute; cruciform. (L. cruciatus, crucified, to put in the form of a cross, from crucio.)

Cruciform. - In the form of a cross, cross-shaped. (L. crux (genit. crucis) a cross, and forma, shape.)

Crusta. - The shell of a crustacean. (L. crusta, the crust, the hard surface of a body.)

Crustacea. - A class of the articulata, including lobsters, shrimps, and wood-lice, so called from the crust-like shell which covers the body and legs. (L. crusta, the hard surface of the body.)

Crustaceæ. - (Proalæ) When composed of a hard, brittle substance which neither bends nor folds without injury. (See Coriaceæ in contradistinction.) (L. crusta.)

Crustaceous. - Rigid and calcareous in substance. (L. crusta.)

Crystalline. - Transparent like crystal. The white transparent splendour of crystal. (From Gr. krystallos, ice, and from kryos, icy cold.)

Cubital-cellule. - The portion of the wing between the radial-cellule and the nerve which originates near the extremity of the cubitus.

Cubital nervure. - The nervure situated between the median and anal nervures of the wing. (L. cubitus, a bend, and Gr. neuron.)

Cubitus. - The second nervure of the exterior margin of the wing, extending from the base to the carpus. (L. cubitus.)

Cubitus. - The area lying between the anal area and media of the wing.

Cucullate, Cucullated. - Hooded, cone-shaped. (L. cucullatus, hooded.)

Cucullus. - A hood, a cone-shaped covering. (L. a hood.)

Cucumiform. - Cucumber-shaped in form. The longitudinal section is oblong, and the transverse circular. (The b. is excrescent; M.E. cucumer - L. cucumerem, acc. of cucumis, a cucumber; and forma.)

Cultelli. - The “knives”; the upper pair of instruments of suction, representing the mandibulæ of a perfect mouth. (L. culter, a knife.)

Culus. - The orifice at the end of the anus. (L. the fundament.)

Cultrate. - Coulter-shaped, straight on one side, and curved on the other. (L. culter, a knife, coulter of a plough. )

Cum. - Latin; with.

Cuneate, Cuneatum, Cuniform. - Wedge-shaped. (L. cuneus, a wedge.)

Cuneus. - The external-apical angle of the corium when separated off, as in the Capsidæ, Cimicidæ, etc. (Saunders.) (L. a wedge.)

Cuneiform. - Wedge-shaped; whose vertical section is cuneate, and horizontal parallelogrammic. (L. cuneus and forma, form.)

Cupreus. - Coppery, bright coppery colour. (L. cuprum.)

Cupule. - A small cup-shaped organ on the end of the tarsi of certain male insects, and used as suckers. (A.S. cuppe, a cup. - Late L. cuppa, variant of L. cupa, a tub, in Late L., a drinking vessel.)

Cupuliferous. - Bearing cupules. (For Der. see above, and L. fero, to bear.)

Cupuliform. - Cup-shaped. (L. cupula, a little tub, a cup, diminutive of cupa, a tub; and forma, form.)

Cura Cerebri. - Two large nerve cords connecting the supra- and subœsophageal ganglia and with them forming the œsophageal ring. (L. cura, care, from caro, to take care for; and cerebrum.)

Curcumbitate. - (Egg.) Melon-shaped. (Apparently derived from the name of the turmeric plant curcuma longa, of East Indian origin.)

Cursorial. - Adapted for running. (L. curso, cursare, to run.)

Cursory. - Formed for running. (Low L. cursorius, from L. cursor, a runner, from cursus, pa. par. of curro, to run.)

Cuspidate. - Sharply pointed; having a sharp-point like a spear. (L. cuspis, a point).

Cuspidal. - Pointed; ending in a point. (L. cuspis.)

Cutellate. - Knife-like. (Scand, M.E. cutten, a weak verb, to cut. Of Scand. origin, but the traces of it are few. + Swed, kotta, to cut. kuta, kata, to cut with a small knife.)

Cutella. - A knife. (L.)

Cuticle. - The skin, or covering of the body. (Derma, Dermis.) (L. cuticula, diminutive of cutis, skin.)

Cuticula. - The cuticle. (L.)

Cuticular. - Pertaining to the cuticle. (L. cutis.)

Cutting teeth. - [See Dentes incisivi.]

Cyaneous. - Tinged with blue. (L.)

Cyaneus. - Bright blue. (L.)

Cyathiform. - Cup-shaped, (the mouth being wider than in Cupuliform). More or less obconical and concave in shape. (Mod. L. cyathiformis, from L. cyathus, a cup; and forma, shape, form.)

Cyclolabia. - The term applied to the shorter forms of forceps of the Forficulidæ (Earwigs) when these organs are of variable length. (Burr.) (Gr. kuklos, a circle, and L. labia, a lip [?]).

Cydariform. - Globose, but truncate at two opposite sides.

Cylindraceous. - Cylindrical. (Gr. kylindros, a roller.)

Cylindrate. - (Egg.) Cylindrical, shaped like a cylinder. (Gr. kylindros, a roller.)

Cymbiform. - Boat-shaped; navicular. (L. cymba, a boat, a skiff.)

Cytotheca. - (Gr. kutos, the skin, and theca, a case.) See Thoracotheca.

Original text Copyright © 1914 Nigel K. Jardine. HTML mark-up and links Copyright © 2003 Peter Miller This page was last changed 08-Sep-2003.