T

Tænidia. - The “spiral threads,” the flat concavoconvex, sometimes solid, rings found in the tracheæ, and which are sometimes seen to be spirally arranged; they are a thickening of the chitinised folds of the endotracheal membrane. (Gr. little bands.)

Tail. - The terminal segment of the abdomen. An elongation of the tip of the inferior wings in some Lepidoptera. (A.S. tæg, tægel, hair.)

Talus. - The ankle; the apex of the tibia, where it is united to the tarsus. (L. the ankle.)

Tarsal. - Pertaining to the tarsus. (Gr. tarsos, the flat of the foot.)

Tarsus. - The foot or last part of the leg, consisting of five joints called the first, second, third, fourth and fifth joint of the tarsus, or planta,*
* Metatarsus of Theobald.
metaplanta, allux, arthricum, and ungula, the planta being nearest to the tibia, the others in regular succession. (Gr. tarsos.)

Taster. - Palpus or feeler. (Fr. to handle, to feel.)

Tawny. - Of a yellowish-dark colour. (Fr. tanné, tawny.)

Teeth. - A horny substance growing out of the jaws of insects, and serving in the act of mastication. A series of projections resembling teeth. (A.S. toth.)

Tegmina. - The roof-shaped thickened fore-wings in Orthoptera and Homoptera. (L. tegmen, a covering.)

Tegula. - A small tubercular plate immediately at the base of each fore-wing, which covers the metathoracic spiracle. (L. tegula, a tile.)

Tell cerebroida. - The thirteenth and last cerebroida. (Gr. telos, the end, and L. cerebrum.)

Tell corculum. - The corcula of the telum. (Gr. telos, and L. corculum, a little heart.)

Telson. - The last segment. (Gr. the limit.)

Telum. - The thirteenth and last segment in insects the last segment of the abdomen. (From Gr. telos, the end.)

Temple. - The side of the head. (A.S. tempel, - Low L. templum, a temple.) See Tempora.

Tempora. - The temples, the posterior portion of the sides of the head lying approximate to the eyes. (L.)

Tendon. - A strong bristle, or bristles, seen at the base underneath in the under-wings of Lepidoptera. (L. tendo, to stretch.)

Tenent. - Hairs which exude a thin mucilaginous fluid. (From L. teneo, to hold, to stick.)

Teneral. - A state of the imago after exclusion from the pupa, in which it has not fully completed its clothing, colouring, etc. (From L. tener, soft, young, tender.)

Tentaculæ. - Retractile processes on the larvæ of some species of Lepidoptera. (L. tentacula, tentacles.)

Tentaculate. - Having soft tensile excrescences. (L. tentacula.)

Tentacules. - Delicate organs of touch; soft tensile excrescences. (L. tentacula.)

Tentaculiferous. - Bearing tentacula or tentacles. (L. tentacula, and fero, to bear.)

Tentorium. - A semi-transparent chitinous septum of the complex inner skeleton in the head capsule formed by inpushing of the chitin; which gives attachment to the muscles used in moving the head and jaws. (Burmeister.) (L.)

Terebella. - The saw-like ovipositor with which many females bore holes to deposit their eggs. (From L. terebro, to bore.)

Terebrantia. - A tribe of hymenopterous insects, the borers, the females of which have an ovipositor. (L. terebrans, from terebro, to bore.)

Teres. - When the circumference is circular, but its thickness indeterminate, nearly cylindrical. (L. round.)

Terete. - Cylindrical and smooth. (L. teres.)

Tergæ. - Dorsal plates; plates borne on the tergum. (From L. tergum, the back.)

Tergal. - Pertaining to the tergæ. (L. tergum.) [PM]

Tergiferous. - Carrying on the back. (L. tergum, and fero, to bear.)

Tergites. - The different tergal pieces constituting the genital armature. (Lacaze - Duthiers.) (Another term for tergæ.)

Tergo-sternal. - The muscles connecting the tergites with their corresponding sternites. (L. tergum, and sternum.)

Tergum. - The superior, upper or dorsal portion of a segment, separated from the venter by sutural lines, and divided into segments which are generally, especially in the case of the abdomen, perforated on each side, by the spiraculæ. It is the collective term for the four tergal, or dorsal pieces of the præscutum, scutum, scutellum, and post-scutellum. (L. the back.)

Termen. - The hinder muscles of the wing. (L. terminus, a boundary.)

Tessellate. - Marked with chequer-work. (L. tessellatus, chequered.)

Test. - The secretionary covering which is attached to the bodies of female coccids. (L. testa.)

Testa. - The chitinous covering of a testaceous insect. (L. an earthen pot or shell.)

Testaceous. - Consisting of a hard, outer covering. Brownish-yellow, the colour of unglazed earthenware. (From L. testa.)

Testes. - Male organs of reproduction, consisting of several seminal tubes or shorter seminal pouches, situated at the end of the vas deferens. (L. testis, a testicle.)

Testicle. - One of the glands which secrete the seminal fluid in males. (L. testis.) See Testes.

Testiculate. - Shaped like a testicle. (L. testis.)

Testudinarious. - Painted with red, black, and yellow, like tortoise shell. (L. testudo, a tortoise.)

Testudinate. - Resembling a tortoise in colour and markings. (L. testudo.)

Tetragonal. - Having four corners or angles. (Gr. tetra, four, and gonia, an angle.)

Tetragonum. - Four-sided. (Gr. tetra, and gonia.)

Tetramerous. - With four joints. (Gr. tetra, and meros, a part.)

Theca. - The pupa case, the chitinous covering to the soft organs undergoing histology. (Gr. a case.)

Theca. - The sheath, or case, of the proboscis, representing the labium in a perfect mouth; and including the basis, and labella. The corneous chitinous case enclosing a part. (Gr.)

Thigh. - The femur, the second or great joint of the legs. (A.S. theoh). See Femur.

Thoracic. - Pertaining to the thorax. (Gr. thorax.) [PM]

Thoracotheca. * -
* Cytotheca of Kirby and Spence.
The trunk-case, that portion of the theca enclosing the thorax. (Gr. thorax, and theca.)

Thorax. - The anterior mass in pedunculated insects; that part of the body between the head and the abdomen. (Gr.)

Thysanoptera. - An order of Hexapoda. An order of insects possessing four narrow fringed wings, and a weak imperfect suctorial mouth. The metamorphosis is very slight. (Gr. thysanos, a fringe, and pteron, a wing.)

Thysanura. - A sub-order of apterous insects, belonging to the order Aptera, which undergo no metamorphosis, and possess no wings, but three pairs of legs. They practically remain in the larval stage throughout life. (Gr. thysanos, a fringe, and oura, a tail.)

Tiaratate. - (Egg.) Turban-shaped. (Gr. tiara, a turban.)

Tibia. - The shank, or fourth joint of the leg, connected with the femur and the tarsus. (L.)

Tibial. - Pertaining to the tibia.

Tomentose. - Covered with fine matted hairs; Cotton-like in appearance; cottony. (L. tomentum, woolly.)

Tomentum. - A kind of soft pubescence. (L.)

Tongue. - (A.S. tunge.) See Lingua.

Topazine. - (Splendour.) The yellow splendour of the topaz. (Gr. topaz.)

Tornus. - (Wing.) The angle between the dorsum and the termen. (L.) See Anal angle.

Torose, Torous. - Protuberant swelling in knobs. (L. torulus, a knob.)

Torpidity. - A state of hybernation in which no exterior signs of life are exhibited. (L. torpidus, from torpeo, to be numb.)

Tortilis. - Twisted. (L. from tortus, pa. par. of torqueo, to twist.)

Torulose. - Having few, but large elevations. (Antennæ); joints possessing tumours or knobs. (L. torulus.)

Torulus. - The bed; the cavity or socket in which the base of the antennæ is planted. (L.)

Trabecula. - A basal mass of fibres situated within the cellular envelope and on either side of the supraœsophageal ganglion, and giving rise to the cauliculus. (From L. trabs, a beam.) See Mushroom Bodies.

Trabeculus. - The beam of the antennæ; a small movable stalk, situated close to and in front of each antenna. (L. trabs.)

Tracheæ. - The organs of respiration in insects; they are simple tubes which communicate externally with the air by means of spiracles, and internally with the blood. From each spiracle a single trachea enters the body. If the tracheæ upon entering the body separate, diverge, or ramify throughout the region in their immediate vicinity without any obvious connection with the tracheæ of the adjoining spiracles, they are said to be detached; and connected when there is a grand longitudinal trachea traversing each side of the body throughout its length, into which each spiracle sends its particular trachea, sometimes as a single tube, sometimes after a slight ramification. (L. trachea, from Gr. trachys, the rough.)

Tracheal. - Pertaining to the trachea. [PM]

Tracheal gills. - Bunches of filaments which contain air tubes, attached in pairs to the various body segments, which permit the insect to breathe the air dissolved in water. (Palmén.) (L. trachea, and Scan. M.E. gille, from Dan. giælle.)

Tractile sensillæ. - The hairs of the body generally, which are movably articulated to the chitinous integument, and which are provided with fine nerve terminations. (L. tractus, from traho, to draw, and sensillæ, from sensilis, endowed with sense.)

Tramosericeous. - The splendour of satin. (L. trans, and sericus, silken.)

Trans-. - A Latin prefix signifying over or beyond, or denoting a complete change.

Transverse. - Broader than long. (L. trans, and versus, turned.)

Transverse. - Running across; when the longitudinal line is cut through at right angles. (L. trans, and versus.)

Transverse impression or suture. - A transverse furrow crossing the central portion of the dorsal surface of the mesothorax of Diptera, and terminating on each side a little before the base of the wings.

Transverse nerves. - The respiratory nerves.

Trapezate, Trapezoidal. - Quadrilateral with the four sides unequal, and none of them perfectly parallel. In the shape of a trapezium. (L. trapeza, a table, from tetra, four, and poza, foot.)

Tri-. - A Greek and Latin prefix signifying three.

Triangular. - Having three angles; in the form of a triangle. (L. tri, and angulus, an angle.)

Triarticular. - With three joints. (L. tri, and articulus, a joint.)

Tricarinate. - Having three longitudinal elevated lines. (L. tri, and carina, a keel.)

Trichodeal. - Sense-hairs; tractile sensillæ. (Gr. trichoder, hair; like hair.)

Trichopterous. - Pertaining to the Trichopteræ. [PM]

Trichopteræ.- Caddis flies. (Gr. trichos, a hair, and pteron, a wing.) [PM]

Trichotomous. - Dividing by threes. (Gr. tricha, three, and tome, a cutting.)

Tricuspid, Tricuspidate. - Divided into three points; ending in three points. (L. tri, and cuspis, a point.)

Tridactylous. - Having three toes, or claws. (Gr. tri, three, and daktulos, a toe.)

Trifasciate. - Furnished with three coloured bands. (L. tri, and fascia, a band.)

Trifid. - Cleft in three. (L. tri, and findo, to cleave.)

Trifurcate. - Having three branches or forks. (L. tri, and furca, a fork.)

Trigonate. - Three-cornered. (L. trigonum, from Gr. trigonon, a triangle.)

Trilateral. - Having three sides. (L. tri, and latus, a side.)

Trilineate. - Painted with three lines. (L. tri, and linea, lit, a string of flax, a line.)

Trimerous. - Possessing three parts, or pieces. (Gr. tri, three, and meros, a part.)

Tripartite. - Divided into three parts. (L. tri, and partite). See Partite.

Tripupillate. - When the ocellus has three pupils, or spots of colour. (L tri, and pupillus.)

Triquetrous, Triquetrum. - The form whose horizontal sections are equilateral triangles. Three-sided. (L. triquetrus, triangular.)

Tritocerebral. - The third segment of the head, the intercalary segment. (From Gr. tritos, third, and cerebrum.)

Tritocerebron. - The hind brain which comprises only that region of the subœsophageal ganglion from which arise the nerves to the labrum and food-gullet. (Gr. tritos, and cerebrum.)

Triturating. - Adapted for crushing. (L. trituralus, past participle of trituro, to crush.)

Trochanter. - The trochanter or second joint of the leg connected anteriorly to the coxa and posteriorly to the femur. (Gr. a runner.)

Trochantine. - A posterior subdivision or projection of the coxa. (Packard.) (Gr. trochanter.)

Trochlearis. - Pulley-shaped; like a cylinder contracted in the middle. (L. trochlea, a pulley, from Gr. trochos, a running.)

Trophi. - The parts of the mouth employed in feeding. (Gr. trepho, to feed.)

Trumpets. - The respiratory horns arising from the dorsum of the thorax, just above or in front of the roots of the wing cases of mosquito (Culex) pupæ. They are tubular, cylindrical, trumpet shaped structures, communicating directly with the tracheal system. (Theobald.) (Fr. trompette, diminutive of trompe, a trump.)

Truncate. - Abruptly cut right across in a straight line. (L. truncus.)

Truncus, Trunk. - The trunk; the intermediate section of the body which lies between the head and the abdomen. It includes the manitruncus, and alitruncus. (L.)

Tubercle. - A small abrupt elevation of varying form. (From L. tumeo, to swell.)

Tuberculose, Tuberculate, Tuberculous. - Covered with tubercle-like prominences. (L. tumeo.)

Tuberiferous. - Bearing tubercles. (L. tumeo, and fero, to bear.)

Tubular ovipositor (tubulus). - A tubular retractile appendage of the telum; the instrument with which the female deposits her eggs. (L. tubulus, from tubus, a tube, and ovum, and postium, to place.) See Ovipositor.

Tubular tunnels. - The two tubes which pierce the head of Anopheles in an antero-posterior direction. They open in front of the head by a slit-like orifice placed between the anterior limit of the eye and clypeus, passing backwards to open in the back of the head, near the ventral edge, below the neck, in two trumpet-shaped apertures. (L. tubulus, and F. tonnel, a tunnel.)

Tubulus. - The oviduct of flies. - (L. tubus.)

Tubulus. - The tubulet; the tube or retractile base of the rostellum. (L. tubus.)

Tunica intima. - The inner layer of the silk-glands. (L.)

Tunica propria. - The outer layer of the silk-glands. (L.)

Tunicate (capitulum tunicatum). - (Antennæ.) Having each successive joint buried in the preceding funnel-shaped one. (L. tunica, a tunic.)

Turbinate. - Shaped like a top or cone inverted. (From L. turbo, a top.)

Turgid. - Resembling a distended bladder. (L. turgeo, to swell.)

Turreted. - (Head.) When it is produced anteriorly and above into a pyramidal point. Caput turritum. (L. turris, a tower.)

Twin ocellus. - When the eyes of colour join each other. (A.S. twi-, double; the -n, gives a distributive force, as in L. bi-n-i, two at a time.)

Tympana. - The drums; two deep cavities on each side of the epigastrium, which are the instruments of sound. (Gr. tympanon, from typto, to strike.)

Tympanal. - Pertaining to the tympanum. (Gr. tympanon.)

Tympanal nervi. - The receiving nucleus of the nerve-fibres from the nerve-cells connected with the groups of elongate rods situated above the drum, and stretched across within the limb. (Gr. tympanon, and L. nervi.)