E

E-. - A form of ex. (See Ex.)

Ecailles. - The term Lacaze-Duthiers gives to the sting darts and sheath of the family Dasygastræ or Gastrilegides, when they are prolonged laterally into curved sclerites.

Ecalcarate. - Without a spur, or horn. (L. e=ex, without, and calcar, a spur.)

Ecaudate, Excaudate. - (Wing.) Destitute of tail-like processes. (L. e, without, and cauda, a tail.)

Ecdysis. - The casting of the skin; moulting. (Gr. ekduo, to strip off.)

Echinate. - When the dispersed elevations rise very high and are very thin. (From Gr. echinos, a hedgehog.) See Muricate.

Echinatus. - When the surface is covered with pustules produced into spines. (Gr. echinos.) See Muricate.

Ectoderm or Epiblast. - An outer layer of cells formed by the surface cells overgrowing the open edges of the invagination of the blastoderm. (Gr. ektos, outside, and derma, skin.) See Endoderm.

Ectotrachea. - The outer or peritoneal membrane covering the tracheæ. (Gr. ektos, outside, and trachea.)

Edentate. - Without teeth. (L. edentatus, toothless.)

Edentulous. - Destitute of teeth. (L. edentatus.)

Edge. - The Margin. (L. acies, edge.) See Acies.

Egg. - Ovum. (Icel. egg. A.S. æg.)

Egg-guide. - The movable, triangular plate which bounds the oviduct on the ventral side; especially seen in Acrydiidæ. (egg, and F. guider, to guide.)

Ejaculatory duct (Ductus ejaculatorius). - The duct which ejects the spermatozoa, formed by the two sperm cells joining to form the tube. (L. e and jacio, jactum, to throw, and ductum, to lead.)

Elastes. - The elastic organs on the ventral segments which assist in the act of leaping. (Gr. elao, elaso, to drive or urge.)

Elevators. - Wing muscles, attached to the lower region of the thorax-wall, and fixed to the wing-root inside the fulcrum. (L. e, and levo, to rise, from levis, light.)

Ellipticum. - Elliptical in surface shape. (Gr. elleipsis.)

Elongate. - (Antennæ.) In relation to the body; the term is used when the antennæ is the same length as the body. (L. e, and longus, long.)

Elytrum, pl. Elytra. - The wing cases; the fore-wings of Coleoptera. (Gr. elyo, to wrap up.)

Em-. - A form of the English prefix en.

Emarginate. - A piece cut out of the margin; notched. (L. e, and margo, the edge.)

Embolium. - The latero-basal portion of the corium when separated off, as in the cimicidæ. (Saunders.) (Gr. embolos, a wedge, a graft.)

Embossed. - The sculpture “thrown up”; raised above the surface. (F. - L. and Gr. From Em-, prefix; and Boss. (boss, from F. bosse, a swelling), Or (F. - Late L.) O.F. embosquer, to shroud, - O.F. em- (L, in), in.)

Empodium. - The term used for the pulvilli according to the order of the insect. (L. em or im, in, and podium, a pedestal.)

En-. - A prefix representing the Greek en, signifying in, or, on; the Latin in, signifying in or into; or the Saxon em, signifying to make, to surround, or to intensify the meaning.

Encephalum. - The brain of insects consists of two ganglia, one of which passes over the pharynx, and the other beneath it; both are connected by means of nervous cords, which run from the upper to the under, and which embrace the œsophagus. (Janet). (Gr. en, and kephale, the head.)

Edentulous. - Destitute of teeth. (From L. e. (ex), and dens, a tooth.)

Endo-. - A Greek prefix extensively used in scientific terms, signifying within (endon).

Endoblast. - An inner layer formed by the invaginated cells of the invagination of the blastoderm. (From Gr. endon, within, and blastos, a growth or germ.)

Endoderm or hypoblast. - The inner embryonic cell layer arising from two cell masses situated at either end of the embryo in the neighbourhood of the fore-gut and the hind-gut. (Gr. endon, and derma, the skin.)

Endopodite. - The second part of the maxilla. (Gr. endon, within, and pous, from podos, foot.) See Stipes.

Endoskeletal rods. - Apodemes. (Gr. endon, within, and E. skeleton.)

Endotrachea. - The inner membrane lining the trachea, and which is a continuation of the cuticle of the integument. (Gr. endon and, trachea.)

Ennaton. - The ninth segment in insects. (Gr. ennea, nine.)

Ensate. - Gradually tapering till it ends in a point; sword-like. (L, ensis, a sword.)

Ensiform. - Sword-shaped. (L. ensis, a sword, and forma, shape.)

Entire. - Without excision, emargination, or projection. (From O. F. entier, whole, L. integrum, whole, acc. of integer.)

Entomoline. - The name Lassaigne gave to chitin (Gr. entomon, an insect, and linon, thread [chitin*.]

* Cassell's Encyclopædic Dictionary, 1887, p. 344, par. 3.

Entomology. - The science which treats of insects; a branch of Zoology. (Gr. entomon, an insect, and logos, science.)

Entomophagous. - Insect-eating. (Gr. entomon, and phago, to eat.)

Entothorax. - The portion formed by the apodemes which pass up from the sternum. (Audouin.) (Gr. entos, within, and thorax.)

Ep-, Epi-. - A Greek prefix, signifying on, or upon.

Epiblas. - The outer layer of cells in an embryo. (Gr. epi, and blastos, a bud.) See Ectoderm.

Epicnemis. - An accessory joint at the base of the tibia in many Arachnida, which does not appear to have separate motion. (Gr. epi, on, and from nemo, to distribute).

Epicranium. - The crown; the dorsal and posterior surface of the head, from the front across the vertex to the posterior cavity. (Gr. epi, on, and, kranium, the skull.)

Epidermal, Epidermic, Epidermidal. - Pertaining to, like, or applied to the epidermis; covering the skin. (Gr. epi, on, and derma, the skin.)

Epidermis. - The cuticle or outer skin. (Gr. epi, on, and derma.)

Epididymis. - The convoluted mass of tubes comprising some twenty folded bundles formed by the vas deferens. (Dufour.) (Gr. epi, upon, and didumos, a testicle.)

Epigastrium. - The first entire ventral segment. It includes the Mucro, and Tympana. (Gr. epi, on, and gaster, the belly.)

Epimerum, pl. Epimera. - The “flanks,” the point of union of the legs to the lower arcs of the segment formed by the pleurites. (Gr. epi, and meros, the thigh.)

Epiopticon. - The second swelling of the optic tract. (Gr. epi, and optikos, pertaining to sight.)

Epipharynx. - A small valve situated under the Labrum, that in many Hymenoptera closes the Pharynx, and is an appendage of its upper margin. Synonymous with lingua. (Gr. epi, and pharnyx.)

Epipleura. - The deflexed margin of the elytra immediately beneath the edge. (Gr. epi, and pleura.)

Episternum. - The plate situated between the epimerum and sternum. (Gr. epi, and sternum, the breast.)

Epistoma. - That part of the face between the front and labrum, equivalent to the anticlypeus. (Gr. epi, and stoma, a mouth.)

Epistomis. - Latreille's term for the clypeus. (Gr. epi, and stoma.)

Epupillate. - An ocellate spot lacking a pupil. (L, e, and pupillus, the pupil.)

Equate. - Without larger partial elevations or depressions. (L. æquus, equal, from Skt. eka, one.)

Equitant. - Folded one upon the other. (L. equitans, riding.)

Eroded. - (Edge.) Possessing irregular teeth and emarginations. Gnawed. (L. erodo, to gnaw off.)

Erose. - Sinuate, with the sinuses cut out into smaller irregular notches, as if gnawed. (From L. e, and rodo, rosum, to gnaw.)

Erosus. - Having the appearance of being gnawed, due to the irregularity of the incisions. (From L. rodo, rosum.)

Erect. - Nearly vertical. - (L. e, and rectus, straight.)

Eruca. - Larva. (L. a caterpillar.)

Eruciform Larva. - The soft-skinned worm-like grub which prevails among the most highly developed insects-moths, flies, ants, bees, etc. (L. eruca, and forma, model, and larva, a mask.)

Escutellatus. - Without a scutellum. (L. e (ex), and scutum, a shield.)

Esoderma. - A fibrous cuticle lining the exoderma. (Gr. eso, within, and derma, the skin.)

Eucone eyes. - Eyes which have the cones perfectly developed though they may vary much in form. (Gr. eu, well, and konos, a cone.)

Evagination. - A tubular organ, as if turned inside-out, protruding by eversion. (L. evaginatus.] [PM]

Ex-. - A Latin prefix signifying out, out of, proceeding from, and sometimes beyond and not.

Exarate. - Having furrows with perpendicular margins. (L. ex, and arare, to plough.)

Exaratus. - Sulcated. (L. ex, and aro, to plough.)

Exarticulate. - (Antennæ). Having but one joint; similarly biarticulate - two jointed; triarticulate - three-jointed, etc. (L. ex, and artus, a joint.)

Excaudate, Ecaudate. - (Wing.) Destitute of tail-like processes. (L. ex, and cauda, a tail.)

Excind, Excindate. - When the end has an angular notch taken out. (L. ex, and, cœsum, to cut.)

Excision. - A piece cut off, or out. (L. ex, and cœsum, to cut.)

Excurved. - Curved outwards. (L. ex, and curvus, curved.)

Exo-. - A Greek prefix signifying on the outside, without.

Exochorion. - (Embryology.) - The remains of the epithelium of the ovarian follicle. (L. ex, and chorion.)

Exoderma. - The external covering, or skin. (L. exo, and derma, skin.)

Exopodite. - The third part of the maxillary palp - always three-jointed. (L. exo, and pous, podos, foot, and suffix ite.)

Explanate. - Widened out, expanded. (L. ex, and planus, a plain.)

Exscalpate. - Having a variety of irregular longitudinal depressions. (L. ex, and scalpo, to cut.)

Ex-scutellate. - Having no scutellum. (L. ex, and scutum.)

Exserted. - Protruded, opposed to inclosed. (L. exsero, to thrust out.)

Exsertum. - (Head.) Thrust forth; free. (L. exsero.) See Free.

Extensor Femoral. - One of the femoral muscles passing through the haunch and trochanter. (From L. extensor, and femur, femoris, the thigh.)

Exterior Edge. - (Wing.) The edge of the wing extending from the base to the apex. (L. exterior, from exter, on the outside, and M.E. egge, edge.)

Exterior Margin. - (Wing.) The exterior edge. (L. exterior, and margo, the margin.)

Exterior Palpi. - The maxillary palpi. (L. exterior, and palp, the lip.)

Exterior Region (regio exterior) . - (Wing.) (L. exterior, and regio, a region.) See Costal region.

External Chiasma. - The chiasmatic fibres of the external medullary mass. (L. externus, and Gr. chiasma, the mark of a χ (chi) or cross.)

External Medullary Mass. - The second swelling of the optic tract, the epiopticon.

External Ovipositor (ovipositor exertus). - (L. externus, external; ovum, an egg, and positum, to place.) See Ovipositor.

External Paramera. - The whole group (except the internal paramera) of the genital appendages of the male: - the stipites, volsellæ, and laciniæ. (Verhöff and Emery.)

Extra-. - A Latin prefix denoting outside of; beyond usual; in excess.

Extra-ocular (ant. extra-ocularis). - (Antennæ.) Placed very distant from the eyes; inserted on the outside of the eyes. (L. extra, and oculus, the the eye.)

Extrorsum. - (Direction.) Outwards. (L. extrorsus, from extra, without.)

Exuvia, pl. exuviæ. - Cast-off skin. (L.)

Eye of Colour. - The term of comparison between the ocellus - the true eye, and the ocellus - the eye of colour, so frequently seen upon the wings of Lepidoptera. (M.E. eye, eighe).