S

Sac. - A small bag or bladder. (L. saccus, a bag.)

Saccate. - Gibbous, or inflated towards one end. (L. saccus.)

Sagittæ. - The inner pair of forceps of the Hymenopterous genitalia, lying between the stipites. (L. sagitta, an arrow.)

Sagittate. - Shaped like the head of an arrow. (L. sagitta.)

Salebrous, Salebrosa. - Rough, rugged. (L. salebra, an uneven road.) See Rugged.

Saliva. - Fluid excreted by the salivary glands. (L.)

Salivary glands. - A thin, leaf-like mass composed of two large lobes, and a thin, smaller lobe situated on either side of the gullet. (L. saliva, the fluid excreted by the salivary glands, and glans, an acorn.)

Salivary nerves. - Two thread-like nerves arising from the caudo-lateral border of the œsophageal ganglion, entering the prothorax, where they turn and branch off to the sides. (L. saliva, and nervi, a nerve.)

Saltatorial. - Adapted for leaping; possessing the ability to leap. (L. saltatorius, from saltator, a dancer.)

Saltatorial appendage. - The great appendage, attached, in most cases, to the penultimate segment of the Collembola, and consists of a basal segment, and two branches, which are sometimes two-jointed, and sometimes of a single piece only. The appendage is usually turned forwards, the basal portion reaching as far forward as the catch.

Sanguine. - Having the colour of blood. (L. sanguis, blood.)

Sanguineous. - Blood-like in colour. (L. sanguis.)

Sanguinivorus. - Subsisting on blood. (L. sanguis, and voro, to devour.)

Saprophagous. - Feeding on putrid animal and vegetable substances. (Gr. sapros, putrid, and phago, to eat.)

Saprophitic. - Living on dead or decaying matter. (Gr. sapros.)

Saprophyte. - That which lives on dead or decaying vegetable matter. (Gr. sapros, and phyton, a plant.)

Sarcolemma. - The thin transparent sheath-like membrane surrounding the muscle-fibres. (Newman.) (Gr. sarx, flesh, and lemma, a scale, that which is peeled off.)

Sarcophagous. - Feeding on flesh. (Gr. sarx, and phago, to eat.)

Saturatus. - Implies a colour is deep and full. (L. satur, full.)

Scabbed, Scabby. - Possessing roughnesses; rough. (L. scabo, to scratch.)

Scaber. - Covered with an irregular rugosity. (A.S. scæb; from L. scabo, to scratch.)

Scabrous. - With small raised dots; rough, like a file; rough, rugged; having sharp points. (L. scabo.)

Scale. - The secretionary covering of various coccids. Used also as a general term for scale-insects.

Scales. - Small thin variously shaped membranous or horny outgrowths, or modifications of the cuticle. The scales of the Culicidæ vary much in shape, and are of great importance, for the classification of this group of Diptera is chiefly based upon the differences of the scales, and their positions upon the body. (M.E. scale. - O.F. escale. - O.H.G. scala. - A.S. scealu, scalu, shell, husk, scale.)

Scalloped. - Having the edge marked by rounded hollows, without intervening angles. (M.E. skalop. - O.F. escalope, a shell. Allied to scale. Der. verb, to cut an edge into scallop-like curves.)

Scalpella. - The lancets, a pair of instruments more slender than the cultelli, found in the structure of the haustellum. (L. scalpellum, diminutive of scalprum, a knife.)

Scansorial. - Adapted to climbing. (L. scansum, to climb.)

Scape, Scapus. - The first joint of the antennæ, it includes the bulbus. (L. scapus, a shaft.)

Scapella. - The lancets; four pieces adapted for perforating the food, which, when united, form a tube for sucking purposes. The upper pair represent the mandibulæ, and the lower the maxillæ. (L.)

Scaphiform. - Boat-shaped. (Gr. skaphe, anything hollow (skaph-boat-shaped), and forma, shape.)

Scapulae, Scapularia. - Small plates situated on either side of the peristethium exteriorly, and which are sometimes soldered to it. (Knoch.) (L. scapula, the shoulder plate or blade.)

Scelerites, Sclerites. - The chitinous plates constituting the hard surface of an insect. The chitinous plates into which certain parts of the external skeleton (e.g., the mesonotum of Coleoptera) are divided. (Gr. skeleros, hard.)

Sclerites of the hypopharynx. - (Hymenoptera). Two narrow scelerites extending from the oral groove, close to the articulation of the cardines, down to the base of the mentum, passing between the maxillæ, to whose basal membrane they appear to be attached. (Saunders.)

Scolopal body. - The chitinous cone or rod secreted by the chordotonal organs and retained in the crytoplasm. (Scale).

Scopa. - A small brush-like appendage, or variation of the surface markings; the hair of the brush being short, stiff, and of equal length. (L. a brush, broom.)

Scopate. - Covered with scopæ. - (L. scopa, a brush or broom.)

Scopiferous. - (Antennæ.) Possessing a thick brush of hair upon some place or part of its structure. (L. scopa; and fero, to bear.)

Scopiform. - In the form of a brush. (L. scopa, and forma, form.)

Scopiped. - When the pulvilli or pulvinuli are so covered with hair as to appear brush-like. (L. scopa, and pes, a foot.)

Scoriaceous. - Ash-like in colour; when the granulations of the surface resemble ashes. (Gr. scoria, dross, ashes.)

Scorpionidæ. - A family of Arachnoida, including scorpions, etc. (F. - L. - Gr.) (F. scorpion. - L. scorpionem, acc. of scorpio, the same as scorpius. - Gr. skorpios, a scorpion.)

Scriptus. - Lettered, marked, with characters resembling letters. (L. from scribo, to write.)

Scrobes. - Lateral furrows on the rostrum, holding the base of the antennæ, when at rest. (L. scrobs, a trench.)

Scrobiculate. - Pitted; having the surface covered with hollows; with deep round pits. (L. scrobiculus, a little ditch.) See Foveolate.

Scrotiform. - Purse-shaped. (L. scrotum, a bag, a purse, and forma, shape.)

Sculpture. - Modifications of the surface. (L. sculpo, sculptum, to carve.)

Sculpture. - (Pupæ.) (L. sculpo, sculptum.) See Pupæ excaratæ.

Scuta. - Corneous plates on the segments. (L. scutum, a shield.)

Scutate. - Covered with large flat scales. (L. scutatus, from scutum.)

Scutcheon. - The scutellum. (From L. scutum.)

Scutel. - The scutellum (Say.) (L. scutum.)

Scutellary. - Pertaining to the scutellum. (L. scutum.)

Scutellate. - Divided into surfaces like little plates. (L. scutella, a salver.)

Scutellum. - The third section of the upper surface of a segment, very prominent on the thorax, especially in Colcoptera of which it is the only visible portion of the mesonotum. (From L. scutum.)

Scutiform. - Having the form of a shield, or plate. (L. scutum, and form, shape.)

Scutum. * -
* The scutellum of some authors.
The upper or dorsal surface of a segment. The plate lying between the præscutum and scutellum on the upper surface of a segment when it is divided into four pieces. (L. a shield.)

Second maxillæ. - The labium.

Secretion. - Matter produced by the various glands of the body. (L. secretus, set apart; past participle of secernere, to separate. Der. secrete, verb, from L. secretus, secretion.)

Secretionary covering. - That part of a Diaspid puparium covering the exuviæ.

Sectores coconis. - A cocoon-breaker, of the attacine moths, a pair of large stout spines, one on each side of the thorax, at the base of the fore-wings, and provided with five or six teeth on the cutting edge. (L. sector, a cutter, and coconis.)

Securiform. - Having the form of an axe. (L. securis, an axe, and forma, form.)

Securi palpata. - Palpi which have the last joint broadly triangular, and which hangs by a point to the preceding joint. (L. securus, from se, free, and cura, care, and palpa, a jointed feeler).

Segmentation nucleus. - The nucleus formed by the union of the male pronucleus with the female pronucleus. (L. segmentum, a piece cut off, - secare, to cut; nucleus, from nux, a nut.)

Segments. - The great inosculating joints of the body. (L. segmentum, from secare, to cut.)

Semen. - The seed or prolific fluid of males; sperm; seminal fluid or spermatozoa; the secretion of the testes. (L. seed.)

Semi-. - A Latin prefix signifying half.

Semiglobate, Semiglobose. - Having the form of half a globe; semi-spherical. (L. semi, half, and globus, a globe, sphere, etc.) Semiglobosum, Hemispherical.

Seminal tubes, or pouches. - Several tubes or pouches situated at the end of the vas deferens. (L. semen, seed.)

Seminal vesicles. - [See Sperm vesicles.]

sensillæ. - Sense hairs. (L. sensus, the sense.) [PM]

Septum. - A division separating two cavities. (L. an enclosure.)

Septula. - The lesser ridges and partitions raised on the surfaces of the metaphragma, and on those of other parts of the cavities of the trunk for the attachment of muscles. (L.)

Seriaceous. - Possessing a silk-like gloss, usually due to the presence of minute dense hairs. (L. sericum, silk.)

Sericate, Sericatus, Sericeous. -a Covered with soft, short, thick, silky down, resembling silk or satin, in splendour. (L. sericum.) See Holosericeous.

Serosa. - The outer membrane continuous with the blastoderm which protects the developing embryo. (From L. serum.)

Serrate, Serrulate. - Notched on the edge like a saw. (L. serra, a saw.)

Serriform. - Saw-like; possessing notches, markings, etc., like the teeth of a saw. (L. serra, and forma.)

Serrulate. - Finely serrate, having very minute teeth or notches. (L. serra.)

Sesqui-. - A Latin prefix signifying a whole and a half.

Sesquialter. - One and a half. (L.)

Sesquialterous ocellus. - An eye of colour with a smaller one near it, which is called sequiocellus. (L. sesqui, and alter, another.)

Sesquialterous fascia. - When both wings are traversed by a continued fascia. (L. sesqui; alter, and fascia.)

Sesquiocellus. - A large ocellus including a smaller one. - (L. sesqui, and ocellus, an eye.)

Sesquitertial. - Occupying the fourth part. (L. sesqui, and tertius, third.)

Sesquitertious fascia. - When a wing or elytrum contains a fascia, and the third of a fascia. (L. sesqui, and tertius, third, and fascia.)

Sessile. - Without a notch, or stalk. (L. sessilis, that stands firmly.)

Seta. - A long outstanding bristle or hair. (L. a bristle.)

Setaceous. - Gradually tapering to the tip. Like a bristle. (L. seta.)

Setiferous, Setiform, Setigerous, Setose. - Set with, or bearing setæ.

Setiform. - Bristle-shaped. (L. seta, and form, shape.)

Setiformis. - When the central lobe of a trifid lingula is very long, and appears to resemble a bristle. (L. seta, and forma.)

Setigerae. - (Antennæ.) When the basal joints are large, and the remainder form into a kind of bristle. (L. seta, and gero, to bear.)

Setulose. - With truncated setæ. (Diminutive of L. seta.)

Shadow. - (M.E. shade, shadwe.) See Umbra.

Shagreened. - Covered with closely set roughnesses or unevennesses, like a shark's teeth, giving the appearance of rough-grained leather. (F. - Turkish. F. chagrin. This leather was originally made of the skin of the back of the horse. Turk. saghri, shagreen.)

Shank. - The tibia. (Dan. shank. Swed. shank, a bone of the leg. Der. skink.) See Tibia.

Sheath. - An organ generally pertaining to the instrumenta suctoria. (A.S. sceath.)

Shellac. - A secretion formed by insects (coccidæ) which is of a glutinous nature. Valuable in the manufacture of hats. Used for varnishes, sealing wax, lacquer work, etc. (A.S. scell, and Pers. lac.)

Sigma. - The name of the Greek letter Σ, σ, ς, equal to the English S.

Sigmoidal. - S-shaped, curved like the Greek sigma. Lanceolate and concave on one side at the base, and on the other side at the apex. (Gr. sigma, and eidos, like.)

Signatures. - Markings (of colour chiefly) upon a surface, resembling in some degree letters and characters. (L. signatura, from signo, to mark, sign, etc.)

Signate. - Marked with signatures. - (L. signo.)

Simple. - (Antennæ.) The term used when a capitate antennæ is so formed by one joint only. [See Compound in contradistinction.] (L. simplex, one fold, from semel, once, and plico to fold.)

Simple (simplex). - With no unusual addition or modification.

Simple ocellus. - When the eye of colour consists only of an iris and pupil. (L. simplex and ocellus.)

Sinciput. - The middle head or frons. Nitzch's term for the frons. (L. semi, half, and caput, the head.)

Sinuate. - Having large curved breaks in the margin resembling bays. (L. sinus, a hollow, a bay, etc.)

Sinuate. - Slightly waved. (L. sinus.)

Sinuato-undulate. - When fasciæ, strigæ, lines, etc., curve into obtuse sinuses. (L. sinuo, to bend, curve, and undula, diminutive of unda, a wave.)

Sinuatus. - Sinuate; a margin with a rounded incision. (L. sinus.)

Sinus. - A hollow, a bay, a cavity; a fistula, a groove. A curved break in an otherwise straight margin. (L.)

Siphon. - The respiratory tube of the mosquito larvæ. It is a more or less simple tube, but varies considerably in shape, according to the larvæ. - Two trachea run through the siphon and and feed the main tracheal system of the body; the end being provided with valved and guarded openings. (Gr. siphon, a tube.)

Siphuncles. - The cornicles.

Siphunculus. - The siphuncle; the real instrument of suction, which when unemployed is retracted within the tubulus. (Gr. siphuncule, diminutive of siphon.)

Siphunculate. - Possessing a siphon, or tube, as a valve. (Gr. siphon.)

Smaragdinus, Smaragdine. - An intensely bright gold-green colour, like the emerald in colour. (L. smaragdus, emerald.)

Solea. - The sole, the underside of the tarsus; it includes the pulvilli. (L. the sole of the foot.)

Solenaria. - The two lateral sub-cylindrical air-tubes of the antlia. (Gr. solen, a pipe, or tube.)

Solid. - One mass, having no vacant interstices. (L. solidus.)

Somite. - A segment.

Sparsate, Sparse. - Scattered; spread irregularly, and at a distance from each other. (L. sparsus, from spargo, to scatter.)

Spatha. - Organs of the Hymenopterous female genitalia, which lie over the base of the stipites and the sagittæ, and between which the intromittent organ is inserted. (L. a broadsword.)

Spathulate. - Narrow and flat at the base and enlarged towards the apex. (L. spatha.)

Sperm vesicles. - The seminal vesicles; vessels containing the spermatozoa. (Gr. sperma, seed, and L. vesica, a bladder.)

Spermatheca. - A more or less heart-shaped protective sac or pouch, situated upon the dorsal wall of the vagina and opening by a narrowish neck into the oviduct; it functions as a protective case for the semen.

Spermatheca. - The outer covering membrane of the spermatozoa. (Gr. sperma, and theca.)

Spermatoblasts, Spermatids. - Sperm-cells formed by the spermatocytes dividing into two and then four. (Gr. sperma, and blastos, a bud.)

Spermatocysts. - The hollow globes formed by the spermatospores dividing. (Gr. sperma, and kystis, a bladder.)

Spermatocytes. - The sperm mother-cells lying in the spermatocysts. (Gr. sperma and kystis).

Spermatogonium. - The primordial germ cell from which the spermatozoa arise and which contains a large and pale nucleus and a dark body (the accessory nucleus of Butschli). The spermatogonia (spermatospores) are converted into spermatocysts, which divide into spermatocytes, these last divide and form the spermatids which directly transform into spermatozoon or spermatozoa.

Spermatospores. - Germinal cells lining the chambers of the testes. (Gr. sperma, and sporos, a spore.)

Spermatozoa. - The active sperm-cells formed by the spermatids escaping through the split wall of the spermatocyst. (Gr. sperma, seed, and zoa, animals.) See Spermatozoon.

Spermatozoon. - A single, small, active, male sperm-cell. (Gr. sperma and zoon.)

Sphaericum. - Spherical. (L. sphaera, a round body, sphere, etc.) See Globose.

Spherulate. - Having one or more rows of minute tubercles. (Gr. sphaira, a ball.)

Sphincter. - A more or less circular muscle which opens and shuts any orifice round which it is placed. (Gr. sphingkter, that which binds tight.)

Spicula. - The sting darts. (L. sting.)

Spine. - A fine, long, rigid, pointed process. (L. spina, a thorn.)

Spinneret. - (Larva). A tube-like organ obliquely truncated at its apex arising from the anterior portion of the labium, and composed of several alternately corneous and membranous slips. It is through this tube that a clammy liquid passes, which has been secreted by two granular organs for the preparation of the silk which can be spun into thicker or thinner filaments at the will of the larva, by the power it possesses of distending or contracting the cavity of the tube. Some larvæ such as those of some Coleoptera and Dictyotoptera, do not possess this organ, but do possess an apparatus for spinning at the anus. (A.S. spinnan, to draw out threads, to spin.)

Spinnerets. - (Coccidæ.) - Organs concerned in the emission of matter of which the puparia and ovisacs are composed. (Newstead.) (A.S. spinnan.)

Spinnerettes. - The spinning organs of Araneina (Spiders). They are four to six fairly large processes situated below the anus and beset with a larger or smaller number of short, fine tubes; at the apex of each is the aperture of a silk gland, which lies in the abdomen. These spinning glands may vary considerably in structure even in the same insect, and may give rise to different secretions. (A.S. spinnan.)

Spinous. - Armed with spines. (L. spina, a thorn.)

Spinous-radiate. - Beset with spines in a circle. (L. spina.)

Spinulæ. - Spinous processes at the base of the tibia in Hymenopterous insects. (L. spinula, diminutive of spina, a spine, a thorn.)

Spinules. - Small, fine, scale-like structures which occur on the thickened veins of the wings of numerous insects. Minute spines. (L. spinula.)

Spiracles. - Breathing apertures occurring at intervals along the sides of insects, and which communicate with the air tubes or tracheæ. The number of spiracles is generally eighteen, nine on each side, but the number is not uniform. The names depend wholly on the segment in which they happen to be situated; ex. the right spiracle of the prothorax is prothoracis spiraculum dextrum. The spiracles vary greatly in form, position, and number. (L. spiritus, breath, from spiro, to breathe.)

Spiracula antepectoralla. - A pair of spiracles fixed in the membrane that connects the antepectus with the medipectus. (L. spiritus; ante, before, and pectus, the breast.)

Spiraculæ. - The spiracles. (L.)

Spiral Tongue. - The sucker of Lepidoptera; the third form of a suctorial mouth. (L. spiritus; A.S. tunge, the tongue.)

Spiritrompe. - Latreille's term for a spiral tongue.

Splendent. - Shining, coloured; possessing a metallic lustre. (L. splendeo, to shine.)

Spilt (capitum fissum). - (Antennæ.) When the joints upon one side are divided as by incisures. (Apparently coined from M. Dut. splitten, to split.)

Spoile. - The cast skin. (L. spolium, the skin of an animal.) See Exuvia.

Spungeous, Spongiose. - Spongy; sponge-like; somewhat elastic in substance. (L. spongia, a sponge.)

Spongiform. - Resembling a sponge; soft and porous. (L. spongia, and forma, like.)

Spur. - A spine that is not a process of the cuticle, but implanted in it. (A.S. spura.)

Spurious ocellus. - A circular spot of colour without any defined iris or pupil. (L. spurius, of illegitimate birth.)

Spurious suture. - An impressed line which resembles a suture, but does not divide the crust. (L. spurius, and suture, from suo, to sew.)

Squamæ. - Scales. (L.)

Squamate, Squamose, Squamulose, Squamulate, Squamosus. - Covered with squamæ. - (L. squama, a scale.)

Squama palpifere. - The third piece constituting the maxilla, which is a corneous scale, at the anterior margin of which the palpus is inserted, and which forms beneath, the case or covering of the maxilla. (L. squama, and palpi; and fero, to bear.) See Exopodite.

Squamopygidium. - A term sometimes used to the anal processes, chiefly of the Elatidæ. (L. squama, and Gr. pygidion, the pygidium.)

Squamule. - A small raised lump or tubercle at the base of each fore-wing. (Diminutive of L. squama.)

Squarrose, Squarrous. - Ragged; full of loose scales; cut into. Laciniæ that are elevated above the plane of the surface, and which are cut into. Consisting of rough scales. (L. squarrosus, scurfy.)

Stellate, Stellated. - Resembling a star; possessing a star-shaped organ; star-shaped; with four or five radiating lines. (L. stella, a star.)

Stemmata. - The eyelets; two, or three convex, crystalline, simple eyes, observable in the frons or vertex, or common to both. Ocelli. (From Gr. stemma, anything that crowns.)

Stem-mother. - The agamic female, which hatches from the pseudova of Aphids in the spring, and from which the summer generations arise. (M.E. stem, and moder.)

Stercoraceous. - Inhabiting dung. (L. stercoris, dung.)

Sternæ. - Ventral plates; ventral equivalents of the tergæ. (From L. sternum, the breast bone.)

Sternal. - Pertaining to the sternum. (L. sternum.) [PM].

Sternellum. - The third section of the lower surface of segments of insects. (From L. sternum.)

Sternites. - Another term for the sternæ. (Packard.) (From L. sternum.)

Sterno-rhabdites. - The elements or tubercles seen in Hymenopterous larvæ, which are destined to form the ovipositor. (Lacaze-Duthiers.) (From L. sternum, and Gr. rhabdos, a rod.)

Sternum. - The inferior or ventral surface of a segment. (L. the breast bone.)

Sternum collare. - The collar-bone, a prominent narrow portion in the underside of the jugulum. Cartilago ensiformis. (L. sternum, and collare, collar.)

Sternum pectorale. - The breast-bone, a prominent carina situated on the breast. (Knoch.) (L. sternum, and pectus pectoris, the breast.)

Stethidium. - The term used by Illiger, Bouché, and others for the thorax. (Derived from Gr. stethos, the breast.)

Stigma. - A darkened spot upon the anterior margin of the upper wings, being an incrassated portion of the costal nerve. The term is sometimes used for spiracle. (L.)

Stigma metathoracis. - The metathoracic spiracle situated on each side of the metanotum, and in front of the halteres or poisers. (L.)

Stigmata. - Apertures in the body communicating with the trachea. (L. stigma, a mark by puncture.)

Stigmatic. - Pertaining to the stigma.

Stilt prolegs. - Prolegs which are unnaturally long and elevate the insect. (M.E. stilte, and prolegs.)

Stink glands. - In connection with the skin, there are frequently skin-glands; of these may be mentioned the stink-glands on the ventral side of the thorax, in Hemiptera; the anal-glands of the Carabidæ; the wax-glands of Aphidæ and of Cocci. Some are gland-cells, some true glands, and sometimes they are represented by simple, flat, thickened portions of the epidermis (wax glands of bees). (A.S. stincan.) See Coxal-glands, Fœtid-glands, Anal-glands, Metameric-glands, and Osmeteria.

Stipes. - The second or distal joint of the protopodite. The second piece which with the cardo constitutes the two-jointed basal portion of the maxillæ in the mouth of the cockroach. (L. a stock, or trunk.)

Stipites. - The outer pair of forceps of the Hymenopterous genitalia; they arise from a basal ring called the cardo. (L. stipes, a trunk.)

Stomach (ventriculus). - The pouch which receives the food from the gullet, and digests it, passing it to the intestines with which it is united at its posterior extremity. The stomach varies greatly in its form, both of its main cavity and of the numerous appendages with which it is occasionally furnished. It is termed simple or simplex when it is a mere continuation of the gullet in an enlarged form, being slightly constricted at the union with the gullet, and more so at its junction with the intestines, where an elastic ring is placed, which, when contracted, nearly closes the aperture. It is said to be double, or duplex, when it is divided into two distinct portions, one preceding the other. It is triple, or triplex, when it possesses three separate divisions following each other longitudinally; it sometimes, but rarely, has four divisions. It is called compound or compositus, when it throws off two or more minor stomachs, or cæca, resembling little purses at or near its union with the gullet; these are particularly observable in the voracious herbivorous insects. (Gr. stomachos, from stoma, a breathing pore.)

Stomatotheca. - The mouth-case, that portion of the theca enclosing the mandibles and palpi. (Gr. stoma, and theca, a case.)

Stomodæum. - The fore-gut, comprising the gullet, crop, and gizzard. (From Gr. stomachos, the gullet.)

Stomogastric nerves. - Two parallel cords arising from the vagus ganglion, feeding the alimentary canal, on the route to their termination in the mid-intestine. (Gr. stoma, and gaster, the belly.)

Stomogastric nervous system. - [See Vagus Nervous System.]

Stramineus. - Pale yellow, straw-like in colour. (L. of straw.)

Strangulate. - Strongly constricted, and contracted, forming a waist. (L. strangulatus, from strangulo, to strangle.)

Stria. - An impressed line or scratch; the term is rarely used for an elevated line. (L. a furrow.)

Striate. - Furnished with striae. (L. stria.)

Striate-punctate. - Possessing loose punctured striae. (L. stria, and punctum, a puncture.) See Punctate-striate.

Stridulation. - Noise produced by the friction of one surface upon another. (L. strideo, to grate or creak.)

Stridulatory. - Connected with stridulation. (L. strideo.)

Striga. - A transverse band. (L.)

Strigate, Strigose, Strigous. - Possessing strigæ. (L. striga.)

Strigilis. - A deep sinus near the base of the palma; in some Hymenoptera it is often pectinate. (L. a scraper.)

Strigose. - Scratched, or lined. (L. stria.)

Strio-punctate. - [See Punctate-striate.]

Striole. - A rudimentary stria. (From L. stria.)

Striolate. - Furnished with rudimentary stria. (L. stria.)

Stupeous, Stupose. - Full of matted filaments; covered with long, loose scales resembling tow. (L. stuppa, tow.)

Stupulose. - Covered with coarse decumbent hairs. (L. stuppa.)

Style. - A pointed process. (L. stilus, a pointed instrument.)

Styles. - Rigid, exarticulate, long, narrow anal organs. - (L. stilus.)

Stylose. - Furnished with a style. (L. stilus.)

Styliform. - Like a style. (L. stilus and forma, form.)

Stylus. - The outer sheath of the genital armature of the male coccids. Another term given to the ovipositor, when it is not a boring apparatus - Terebella. (L.)

Sub-. - A Latin prefix signifying under, extensively used to express a subordinate degree, or imperfect state of quality.

Subacute. - Moderately acute. (L. sub, and from acuo, to sharpen.)

Subaduncate. - Somewhat hooked or curved. (L. sub, ad, to, and uncus, a hook.)

Subanal laminæ. - Heymon's term for the podical plates. (L. sub, anus, and lamina, a plate.)

Subcordate. - Heart-shape; resembling somewhat the shape of a heart. (L. sub, and cor, the heart.)

Sub-costal nervure or nerve. - The radiating or cross nervure of the wing. (L. sub, and costa, a rib.)

Subcostal nerves. - Nerves arising from the underside of the post-costal nerve, or from each other, called the first, second, third, etc., in order of their occurrence. (L. sub, and costa, a rib.)

Subcutaneous. - Placed under the skin; applied to parasitic larvæ which feed under the skins of their hosts, and to those which feed in the inner tissues of plants, leaves, etc. (L. sub, and from cutis, the skin.)

Suberoded. - (Wings.) Somewhat indented. (L. sub, and erosus, from erodo, to gnaw.)

Suberouse. - Cork-like, somewhat resilient in substance. (L. suber, cork).

Suberose. - Having the appearance of being gnawed. (L. sub, and erodo, erosus, to gnaw off.)

Subfacies. - The subface; the lower surface or underside of the head. It includes the lora and jugulum. (L. sub, and facies, aspect.)

Subgalea. - A portion of the mouth-parts, situated at the base of the stipes, and bounded on the inner side by the lacinia of the maxilla, and on the outer side by the palpiger of the maxilla. (L. sub, and galea, a helmet.)

Subgeneric. - Pertaining to a sub-genus. (L. sub, and genus, a kind.)

Subgenus. - The sub-division of a genus, comprehending one or more species. (L. sub, and genus.)

Subglobose. - Partially spherical. (L. sub, and globus.)

Submargin. - An imaginary portion of a surface, situated exterior to the disc and within the margin. (Say). (L. sub, and margo, the margin.)

Submarginal cells (cellulæ submarginales). - The cells of the wing immediately below the marginal cells. The cubital cells. (L. sub, and margo, the margin.)

Subocellate. - Applied to a spot on the wing of a Lepidopterous insect, when it resembles an ocellate spot, but is destitute of a pupil, blind. (L. sub, and ocellus, an eye.)

Sub-œsophageal commissure. - The cross nerve (Burgess) connected the lower portions of the cura cerebri, and forming a semi-circle round the ventral part of the œsophagus. (L. sub, and Gr. œsophagus.)

Subœsophageal ganglion. - A thick nerve ring connecting the supraœsophageal ganglion with the tritocerebron. (L. sub, and Gr. oisophagos, and ganglion.) See Cerebral ganglion.

Subpunctatus. - Slightly punctured. L. sub, and punctum, a puncture.)

Subsegments. - The term given to the four sections comprising the head of an insect. (Newport.) (L. sub, and segment.)

Subsinuate. - Having small curved bays or breaks in the margin. (L. sub, and sinus, a bay.)

Substriatus. - Slightly striate. (L. sub, and stria, a furrow.)

Subterranean. - (Pupæ.) (L. sub, and terra, the earth.) See Pupæ subterraneæ.

Subulate. - Awl-shaped; linear; narrow and tapering; terminating in a sharp point. (L. subula, an awl.)

Subulate. - Having a long thin cone slightly bent throughout its whole course; awl-like. (L. subula.)

“Sucking stomach.” - A thin muscular pocket connected by a slender neck with the end of the œsophagus, or the crop, when the latter is present. (A.S. sucan, and stomach.)

Suffulted pupil. - When the pupil of the eye of colour shades into another colour. (L. suffultus, propped or supported, and pupil.)

Sulcate. - Deeply furrowed. Possessing groove-like excavations longitudinally arranged. (L. sulcus, a furrow.)

Sulciform. - Furrow shaped. (L. sulcus, and forma.)

Sulphureus. - The colour of brimstone; yellow. (L. sulphur, sulphur.)

Super-. - A Latin prefix signifying over, above, beyond.

Superadded nervous system. - Consists of a small median nerve extending from each of the first eleven ventral ganglia. As a rule the median nerve gives rise to the respiratory nerves. (L. super, addo, to add.)

Superciliary. - Placed above the eyes. (L. super, and cilium, the eyelid.)

Supercilium. - An arched line somewhat resembling an eyebrow, which sometimes surmounts an eye, or eyelet. (L. super, and cilium.)

Superficies (superficies externa). - The exterior surface. (L.)

Superficies inferia. - The prone, or under surface. (L.) See prone surface.

Superficies interna. - The interior surface. (L.)

Superior (ant. superiores). - (Antennæ.) Placed, as is usual, upon the upper part of the head. (L.)

Superior lobe. - (L. comparative of superus, high, from super; and lobus.) See Lobus superior.

Supine surface. - (Superficies.) The upper surface.

Supra-. - A Latin prefix signifying above, over, or beyond.

Supra-anal plate. - [See Suranal plate.]

Supra-clypeus. - A subdivision of the clypeus, especially observable in the Hymenoptera.

Supraœsophageal ganglion. - A large nerve-centre situated in front of the gullet, and known as the “brain”; it gives off nerves to the eyes and the antennæ. (Rabl-Ruckard). (L. supra, and Gr. oisophagos, the gullet.) See Cerebral ganglion.

Supra-spinal Cord. - A longitudinal cord of connective tissue forming a yellowish-white band, and which seems to be an outgrowth of the dorsal portion of the neurilemma of the ventral cord.

Supra-spinal vessel. - One of the pulsating organs lying as a ventral sinus upon the nervous cord, and closed by a pulsating diaphragm.

Suranal plate. - A triangular, often thick, solid plate of the male genital armature, the remnant of the tergum of the last, usually tenth, segment of the abdomen. (Packard.)

Sursum. - (Direction.) Upwards. (L.)

Sutural. - Pertaining to the suture. (L. suo, to sew.)

Suture. - The dividing line or space. (L. suo.)

Swimming fan. - A row of (generally twenty-five) long feathered bristles situated on the venter of the ninth segment of Corethra larvæ. (Theobald.) (A.S. swimman, and fann.)

Sympathetic nervous system. - [See Vagus nervous system.] [PM]

Syn-. - A Greek prefix signifying with, or together.

Syntype. - All the specimens, except the type, upon which a species is based and described. (Gr. syn, and typos, type.)

Syringes. - Organs situated in various parts of larvæ, from which they eject fluid. (Kirby and Spence.) (Fr. syrinque, from L. syrinx, a tube.)