H

Habit, Habitus. - The aspect; the general appearance. Used comparatively to express a resemblance in general appearance, apart from more important markings derived from organisation. (L. habitus.)

Habitat, Habitation. - The natural abode or locality. (L. habito, to dwell.)

Hair-fields. - Spinules. (A.S. hær, hér.)

Hair-scales. - Spinules.

Halberd-shaped. - Triangular, hollowed out at the base and sides. (Gr. helm, and barte, an axe.)

Halteres. - Two small knobbed appendages rising from each side of the thorax in the order Diptera just where the posterior pair of wings would arise were they present, and to which they are analogous. They tend to balance the insect in flight, and are sometimes termed the balancers, or poisers, or malleoli. (Gr. halteres, weights held in the hand to give impetus whilst leaping; Gr. hallomai, to leap.)

Hamule. - A small hook; having the end hooked. (L. hamus, hook.)

Hamuli. - (L. hamus.) See Hooklets.

Hamus. - “The Hook”; a hook fixed to the base of the costal nerve on the underside of the wings. (L.)

Harpes. - Teeth and ridges situated on the inner surface of the claspers. (Gr. harpe, a scimitar.)

Hastate. - Halberd-shaped; triangular hollowed out at the base and sides with the posterior angles spreading. (L. hasta, a spear.)

Hastate pupil. - When the pupil of an eye of colour is a halberd-shaped spot of colour. (L. hasta, and pupilla.)

Hatching spines. - (Embryology.) A low conical spine, for the purpose of rupturing the egg-chorion, situated on the embryonal cuticle of the head in advanced embryo. (Strongylosoma) Metschnikoff. These structures vary in situation and shape according to the insect. (M.E. hacchen, + Swed. hacka, to hatch; and L. spina.)

Haustellate. - Pertaining to the haustellum; suctorial. (L. haustum, to draw up.)

Haustellum. - A suctorial mouth, including the valvula, cultelli and scapella. (L. haustum, to drink, swallow, etc.)

Head. - The first segment of an insect. See Absconditum, Antennæ inferiores, Brushes, Buccate, Capilli, Caput, Caput clypeatum, Cardinales, Cephalic, Cephalophragma, Cephalotheca, Cerebral ganglion, Cerebellum, Clypeate head, Collum, Comate, Cranium, Deutocerebræ, Encephalum, Epicranium, Facies, Frons, Frontal suture, Genæ, Hatching spines, Insertio of Maxilla, Insertio of Labium, Intercalary segment, Liberum, Maxillary glands, Nutant, Occipital foramen, Occiput, Perpendiculare, Porrect, Prominent, Perpendiculare, Retracted, Retractile, Retractum, Sinciput, Subfacies, Subsegments, Temple, Tempora, Tentorium, Tritocerebral, Turreted, Versatile, Vertex. [PM]

Heart.” - A straight chambered tube running along the middle line of the thorax and abdomen under the chitinous covering. (A.S. hoerte.)

Heels. - The term Leach uses for the spinulæ. (A.S. hela.)

Hemelytra. - The upper organs of flight, when they are corneous or coriaceous at the base, and membranous at the apex. (Gr. hemi, half, and and elytron, from elyo, to wrap up.)

Hemi-. - A Greek prefix, signifying half.

Hemimetabolous. - The term given to insects which undergo an incomplete metamorphosis. (Gr. hemi, and metabole, change.)

Hemiptera. - An order or group of hexapoda. An order of insects with four wings, the upper being partly coriaceous, and partly membranous. (Gr. hemi, half, and pteron, a wing.)

Hemisphæricum. - Hemispherical. (Gr. hemi, and sphaira, a ball.) See Semiglobose.

Hepatic. - The colour of liver; liver-brown. (L. hepaticus, diseased in the liver.)

Hepatic cæca. - Convoluted club-shaped diverticula. (Gr. hepar, the liver, and L. cæcus.)

Heteromerous. - With the posterior tarsi composed of less joints than the anterior and intermediate ones. (Gr. heteros, another, and meros, a part.)

Hexapoda. - A class of the articulata, including all insects possessing six legs or feet. (Gr. hex, six, and pous, foot.)

Hexapoda. - Six legged. (Gr. hex, and pous.)

Hexapodus. - Provided with six legs. - (Gr. hex and pous.)

Hieroglyphic. - Painted with characters somewhat resembling hieroglyphics. (Gr. hieros, sacred, and glypho, to carve.)

Hind-intestine. - The tube lying between the mid-intestine (or stomach) and the outgrowths (urinary tubes) of the proctodæum. It is lined with a thick muscular layer. (A.S. hinden, at the back of; and L. intestinum.)

Hind-wings. - See Metalæ, Poisers, Under wings. [PM]

Hirsute. - Set with thick long hairs. (L. hirsutus, hairy.)

Hirsutus. - Covered with long shaggy hairs. (L.)

Hirsutiusculus. - Somewhat hairy; somewhat hairy at the base. (L. hirsutus, and culus, the fundament.)

Hispid. - Set with short erect bristles. (L. hispidus, shaggy.)

Histology. - The science which treats of the finer structure of the body-tissues. (Gr. histos, a tissue, and logos, science.)

Histolysis. - The process of histology. (Gr. histos, and lyo.)

Hoary. - Grey, with the white prevailing; greyish white, caused by very dense short hairs covering the surface. (A.S. has, hoarse, + Dan. hæs, Du. heesch.)

Hoary. - [See Incanus.] (A.S.)

Holometabolous. - The term given to insects which undergo a complete metamorphosis. (Gr. holos, whole, and metabole, change.)

Holopneustic. - The term given to the open or normal type of tracheal system. This type is distinguished by the presence and function of stigmata. (Gr. holos, whole, and pneuma, air.)

Holoptic. - Whole-eyed; perfect eyed; in the case of the eye of colour, it is holoptic when it is in a perfect state, i.e., having one pupil surrounded by one ring of colour, and an Atmosphere. (Gr. holos, whole, and optikos, pertaining to the eye.)

Holosericeous. - Covered with thick set shining, short decumbent hairs, resembling satin in sheen. (This kind of pubescence has usually been denominated sericeous (sericea), but it certainly does not resemble silk, and is different from the sericeous splendour.) (Gr. holos, and L. sericeus, silken.)

Homogeneous. - Forming a complete and mutually related whole; of the same kind; possessing a uniform nature, principle, composition, or structure. (Gr. homos, the same, and genos, kind.)

Homotene. - Retaining the primitive form; referring to those articulated animals with legs, that do not change their form with their vernantia, or skin-casting. (From Gr. homos, the same.)

Honey-dew. - The excretion of hypodermal unicellular glands which open into a modification of a pore-canal, the tubercles are an outgrowth of the cuticle. (A.S. hunig; and doew.)

Hooklets. (hamuli). - Very minute hooks in the middle of the anterior margin of the wings by which the under-wing is made to work in unison with the upper one. (L. hamus, a hook.)

Horizontal. - Parallel with the horizon. (From Gr. horos, a boundary.)

Horizontal. - (Motion.) When it is from side to side. (Gr. horos.)

Horn. - A long process resembling a horn. (A.S. horn + Icel. Dan. Swed. Ger. horn.)

Humeral. - Relating to the humerus. (L. humerus.)

Humeral nerve or nervure. - A transverse or cross nervure of the wing running from the costa to the sub-costa. (L. humerus.)

Humerus. - The shoulder; the region of the exterior basal angle of the elytra. (Say). The anterior angles of the thorax in Diptera. (Meigen.) (L. the shoulder.)

Hyaline. - Transparent; water-like in hue. (Gr. hyalos, glass.)

Hyaline. - Glossy. (Gr. hyalos.)

Hybrid. - The offspring of two different species. (L. hybrida.)

Hymenoptera. - A group of hexapoda, an order of insects, like the bee, having four membranous wings. (Gr. hymen, a membrane, and pteron, a wing.)

Hymenopterous. - Pertaining to the Hymenoptera. [PM]

Hyper-. - A Greek prefix signifying over, beyond, or excess.

Hypermetamorphosis. - When an insect passes through more than the three normal stages of metamorphosis. To explain this the example of the larva of the Oil Beetle is taken: - This campodiform larva lives an active life on plants until it attaches itself to a bee, which carries it to the hive, where it feeds on her eggs. After casting the skin it becomes a short-legged grub, and feeds on the honey. Another change of skin leads to a third stage, in which no food is taken, the jaws being immovable, and the legs reduced to tubercles. A third moult is succeeded by the fourth and final larval condition; the Oil Beetle grub being now a maggot resembling in appearance those of the bees, living and feeding on honey. (Gr. hyper, metamorphosis, a transformation.)

Hypistoma. - The hypopharynx. (Gr. hypo, and stomoma, the mouth.)

Hypo-. - A Greek prefix signifying under, or beneath.

Hypoblast. - (Gr. hypo, and blastos, a sprout.) See Endoderm.

Hypochordria. - Two portions of segments, one on each side; which in some genera (Carabus, Linn.) intervene between the first entire ventral segment, and the posterior part of the post-pectus. (Gr. hypo, and chorde, a cord.)

Hypocrateriform. - Salver-shaped; in the form of a salver.

Hypodermal. - Pertaining to the hypodermis. (Gr. hypo, and derma, skin.)

Hypodermic. - Under the skin. - (Gr. hypo, and derma.)

Hypodermis. - The under skin. (Gr. hypo, under, and derma, the skin.)

Hypopharynx. - A structure of variable shape and form, originating, as a rule, just above the base of the labium and stretching down the labial groove, closing ventrally the slit-like opening of the labrum-epipharynx. It is attached to the interior surface of the labrum. (Gr, hypo, and pharynx.)

Hypopygium. - The last ventral segment of the abdomen. The male claspers for holding the female in copula (Loew.). (Gr. hypo, and pygidium.)

Hypostoma. - The term applied to the clypeus in Diptera. (Gr. hypo, and stoma, the mouth.)

Hypoptere. - Another term for the tegulæ. (Gr. hypopteros, winged.)

Hystolysis. - The decay and dissolution of the organic tissues and blood, it includes the numerous forms of retrograde metamorphosis and degeneration. The change of the organic tissues during pupation. (Gr. histos, and lusis, a parting from lyo, to loosen.)


Original text Copyright © 1914 Nigel K. Jardine.
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This page was last changed 08-Sep-2003.
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